6 SWISS CHARD – 6.108 - TROUBLES

 

 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
6 SWISS CHARD – 6.108 - TROUBLES   

 
Aphids
It seems like aphids attack just about every plant out there. The tiny pests suck the life out of your growing Swiss chard plants. Spray them off of your plants with a strong blast of water and then apply neem oil to keep them from returning.
 
Cutworms
Cutworms are the caterpillars of a variety of night-flying moths. They nibble through the base of plant stems. They can kill an entire row of growing Swiss chard plants in one night.
 
 
Stop them by putting cardboard collars around your chard plants, keeping your garden weeded to keep them from having a place to hide, and hand-pick the caterpillars at night.
 
Wireworms
Wireworms are the larvae of the click beetle. They live underground and nibble on the roots of plants. They’re difficult to kill. Use repeated applications of pyrethrin-based sprays to control them and introduce beneficial insects into your garden. You can also place traps in your soil.
 
Nematodes
Nematodes are microscopic roundworms that cause galls on the roots of chard. They can cause loss of vigor and reduced growth in plants. Purchase certified nematode-free plants and sanitize your tools between use. Also be sure to rotate your crops, meaning you shouldn’t plant brassicas in the same place for several years in a row. If you get them, solarize your soil to kill them off.
 
Snails and Slugs
 
Regardless of the variety of slug and snail in your area, they’ll love your Swiss chard. They reproduce rapidly and will devour your lovely greens.
 
I find the best way to get rid of them is two-fold. Use a child and pet-friendly snail pellet. There are some available that are waterproof, so you don’t have to replace them as often.
Second, go out at night and hand-pick them off plants. Either squash them or do what I do and feed them to your chickens. If you’re going to do this, don’t poison the snails with pellets.
 
Leaf Miner
 
The damage caused by leaf miners shows up as tracks through your leafy greens. The larvae of this small fly burrow into the interior of the leaf. It’s unsightly, and no one wants to eat Swiss chard that looks like this.
 
 
I’ve found this to be my number one issue with chard. Use either a general pesticide or my preference, regular spraying of neem oil.
 
Flea Beetle
These little insects will leave holes in the leaves, often called shot holes. The flea beetle is usually too small to do much damage, but they can spread diseases between plants.
 
I prefer to use neem oil over insecticide for flea beetles, but you need to apply the neem oil early in the season to do much good.
 
Circospora Leafspot
This is a fungal disease that affects most plants and forms unsightly spots on the leafy part of the Swiss chard. I’ve seen it get so bad to the point where the leaf appears to have a grey mould on the surface. Yield from the plant and quality are both affected. Eventually, the plant infects those around it.
 
There are several fungicides available for controlling leafspot, but I usually remove the whole plant and throw in the garbage, not the compost heap. Practice good soil hygiene and remove any debris and dead vegetation from your garden.
 
Downy Mildew
Humidity and excessive moisture are the most common cause of this disease. Avoid watering the leaves and ensure you have plenty of space between the plants. Pick leaves regularly to thin out the individual plants.
 
If you see the telltale sign of a grey powdery mark forming on the leaves, remove the affected parts and throw in the garbage. Then spray plants with a fungicide spray that contains copper.
 
Bacterial Soft Rot
Bacterial soft rot is one of the most devastating diseases out there for commercial growers. Once you have it, you can’t cure it, and it can destroy your plants.
 
Controlling water is your best option. Don’t overwater plants, apply water to the roots, keep plenty of space between plants, and water in the morning so plants can dry by the evening.
 
Sterilize tools between use, keep your garden beds free of weeds and toss any infected plants that you find.
 
 
Curly Tops
Curly tops is a virus spread by leafhoppers. Your best bet to avoiding this disease is to control pests using neem oil or pesticides.
 
Mosaic Virus
Mosaic virus shows up as spots on plants, wrinkled leaves, yellowing veins, and stunted growth. Treat plants with neem oil, keep garden beds weeded, sterilize tools between use, and destroy any infected plants.
 
 
Text from The Vegetable & Herb Expert D.D.G. Hessayon
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KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6 SWISS CHARDS - 6.108 - SHIDA
 
Vidukari
Inaonekana kama aphids hushambulia karibu kila mmea huko nje. Wadudu wadogo hufyonza maisha ya mimea yako inayokua ya chard ya Uswizi. Nyunyiza mimea yako kwa mlipuko mkali wa maji kisha upake mafuta ya mwarobaini ili isirudi tena.
 
Minyoo
Cutworms ni viwavi wa aina mbalimbali za nondo wanaoruka usiku. Wanatafuna chini ya shina la mmea. Wanaweza kuua safu nzima ya kupanda mimea ya chard ya Uswizi kwa usiku mmoja.
 
 
Wazuie kwa kuweka mikunjo ya kadibodi kuzunguka mimea yako ya chard, kuweka bustani yako palizi ili kuwazuia kuwa na mahali pa kujificha, na wachukue viwavi kwa mkono usiku.
 
Wireworms
Wireworms ni mabuu ya beetle click. Wanaishi chini ya ardhi na kunyonya mizizi ya mimea. Wao ni vigumu kuua. Tumia matumizi ya mara kwa mara ya dawa za kunyunyuzia zenye pyrethrin ili kuzidhibiti na kuanzisha wadudu wenye manufaa kwenye bustani yako. Unaweza pia kuweka mitego kwenye udongo wako.
 
Nematodes
Nematodi ni minyoo wadogo wadogo ambao husababisha nyongo kwenye mizizi ya chard. Wanaweza kusababisha kupoteza nguvu na kupunguza ukuaji wa mimea. Nunua mimea iliyoidhinishwa isiyo na nematode na usafishe zana zako kati ya matumizi. Pia hakikisha kuwa umezungusha mazao yako, kumaanisha kwamba hupaswi kupanda brassicas mahali pamoja kwa miaka kadhaa mfululizo. Ukizipata, weka udongo wako kwa jua ili kuwaua.
 
Konokono na Slugs
 
Bila kujali aina mbalimbali za koa na konokono katika eneo lako, watapenda chard yako ya Uswizi. Wanazaa haraka na watakula mboga zako za kupendeza.
 
Ninaona njia bora ya kuwaondoa ni mara mbili. Tumia pellet ya konokono inayopendeza kwa mtoto na pet. Kuna zingine zinazopatikana ambazo hazina maji, kwa hivyo sio lazima kuzibadilisha mara nyingi.
Pili, nenda nje usiku na uchukue kwa mikono kutoka kwa mimea. Ama uwapige au fanya ninachofanya na uwalishe kuku wako. Ikiwa utafanya hivyo, usiwe na sumu ya konokono na pellets.
 
Mchimbaji wa majani
 
Uharibifu unaosababishwa na wachimbaji wa majani huonekana kama nyimbo kupitia mboga zako za majani. Mabuu ya nzi huyu mdogo huchimba ndani ya jani. Haipendezi, na hakuna mtu anayetaka kula chard ya Uswizi inayoonekana kama hii.
 
 
Nimeona hili kuwa suala langu la kwanza na chard. Tumia dawa ya kuulia wadudu au upendeleo wangu, kunyunyizia mafuta ya mwarobaini mara kwa mara.
 
Flea Beetle
Wadudu hawa wadogo wataacha mashimo kwenye majani, mara nyingi huitwa mashimo ya risasi. Mende kwa kawaida ni mdogo sana kufanya uharibifu mkubwa, lakini wanaweza kueneza magonjwa kati ya mimea.
 
Napendelea kutumia mafuta ya mwarobaini kuliko dawa ya kuua wadudu, lakini unahitaji kupaka mafuta ya mwarobaini mapema msimu huu ili kufanya mengi mazuri.
 
Circospora Leafspot
Huu ni ugonjwa wa fangasi ambao huathiri mimea mingi na kutengeneza madoa yasiyopendeza kwenye sehemu ya majani ya chard ya Uswisi. Nimeiona ikizidi kuwa mbaya hadi pale jani linaonekana kuwa na ukungu wa kijivu juu ya uso. Mavuno kutoka kwa mmea na ubora wote huathiriwa. Hatimaye, mmea huambukiza wale walio karibu nayo.
 
Kuna dawa nyingi za kuua ukungu zinazopatikana kwa ajili ya kudhibiti sehemu ya majani, lakini mimi huondoa mmea mzima na kutupa kwenye takataka, sio lundo la mboji. Zingatia usafi wa udongo na uondoe uchafu wowote na mimea iliyokufa kwenye bustani yako.
 
Ugonjwa wa Downy
Unyevu na unyevu kupita kiasi ndio sababu ya kawaida ya ugonjwa huu. Epuka kumwagilia majani na hakikisha kuwa kuna nafasi nyingi kati ya mimea. Chukua majani mara kwa mara ili kupunguza mmea mmoja mmoja.
 
Ukiona ishara ya alama ya unga ya kijivu ikitokea kwenye majani, ondoa sehemu zilizoathirika na utupe kwenye takataka. Kisha nyunyiza mimea na dawa ya kuua uyoga ambayo ina shaba.
 
Kuoza kwa Bakteria Laini
Uozo laini wa bakteria ni moja ya magonjwa hatari zaidi kwa wakulima wa biashara. Mara tu unapoipata, huwezi kuiponya, na inaweza kuharibu mimea yako.
 
Kudhibiti maji ni chaguo lako bora. Usimwagilie mimea kupita kiasi, weka maji kwenye mizizi, weka nafasi nyingi kati ya mimea, na maji asubuhi ili mimea iweze kukauka jioni.
 
Safisha zana kati ya matumizi, weka vitanda vyako vya bustani bila magugu na tupa mimea yoyote iliyoambukizwa ambayo utapata.
 
 
Vilele vya Curly
Curly tops ni virusi vinavyoenezwa na leafhoppers. Dau lako bora la kuepuka ugonjwa huu ni kudhibiti wadudu kwa kutumia mafuta ya mwarobaini au dawa za kuua wadudu.
 
Virusi vya Musa
Virusi vya Musa huonekana kama madoa kwenye mimea, majani yaliyokunjamana, mishipa ya manjano, na ukuaji kudumaa. Tibu mimea kwa mafuta ya mwarobaini, weka vitanda vya bustani vilivyopaliliwa, safisha zana kati ya matumizi, na uharibu mimea yoyote iliyoambukizwa.