ORGANIC FARMING CURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
6.125 SOYA BEANS – 6.125 - FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

 
Soya beans are a type of plant called Leguminosae which have the unique ability to use nitrogen that is in the air. Microorganisms that live on the soya bean roots convert atmospheric nitrogen into a type that the plant can use. The plant then feeds the microorganism. When the plant decays, the nitrogen that has been pulled from the air is released into the soil. You should cut them and let the roots be in the soil. This is important.
Growing soya beans in a field can add about 15 to 20 kgs of nitrogen per acre into the soil.
 
Here are frequently asked questions about soya beans:
 
1.       Can I plant soya beans in winter?
Soya beans can only germinate at temperatures above 10 degrees celsius. Furthermore, your soya may not set flowers due to shorter days. Soya needs sunlight to thrive.
2.      When is the right time to plant?
Mid to late December
3.     What if I planted my beans early?
You might have poor seedling establishment. However, if you use varieties like Dina, you can plant in mid-Nov because they need longer seasons as they keep flowering and growing. Dina gives a higher yield than Kafue which flowers and stops growing. Also, Kafue shatters earlier, so must be harvested earlier.
4.     What if I planted my beans in January?
You could have poor yield unless you supplement with irrigation especially during flowering and pod-filling stage.
You might also like: Nitrogen fixing plants you should be planting in your field.
5.     How long do soya beans take to mature?
It takes about 120 to 130 days
Why didn’t my soya beans germinate?
You could have used expired seeds or you planted too deep.
6.     What can grow on the same land as soya?
Crops such as maize and wheat that are not nematode susceptible.
7.     What type of fertiliser and how much can I use?
For low fertile soil, add Organic Fertilizer to 350-400kg/ha and 100-300kg/ha for medium fertile soil.
8.     When does flowering start?
Between day 55 and day 75
I have too many weeds in my field. Can I leave them? Pull them out and let them lay.
Weeds can compete with your plants for nutrients, moisture and light which in turn reduces yield.
9.     How will I know if my beans are ready?
Leaves start dropping, seeds become firm and the pods change colour.
How much soya beans can I plant per hecta?
You can plant about 90-100 kg per ha.
10. How much can I get per hectare?
You can harvest about 3.000 - 5.000 kg. It depends on irrigation and manure.
 
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KILIMO HAI CHALAANI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6.125 MAHARAGE YA SOYA – 6.125 - MASWALI YANAYOULIZWA MARA KWA MARA
 
Maharage ya soya ni aina ya mmea uitwao Leguminosae ambao una uwezo wa kipekee wa kutumia nitrojeni iliyo hewani. Viumbe vidogo vinavyoishi kwenye mizizi ya soya hubadilisha nitrojeni ya anga kuwa aina ambayo mmea unaweza kutumia. Kisha mmea hulisha microorganism. Wakati mmea huoza, nitrojeni ambayo imevutwa kutoka hewani hutolewa kwenye udongo. Unapaswa kukata na kuruhusu mizizi iwe kwenye udongo. Hii ni muhimu.
Kupanda maharagwe ya soya shambani kunaweza kuongeza takriban kilo 15 hadi 20 za nitrojeni kwa ekari kwenye udongo.
 
Hapa kuna maswali yanayoulizwa mara kwa mara kuhusu maharagwe ya soya:
 
1. Je, ninaweza kupanda maharagwe ya soya wakati wa baridi?
Maharage ya soya yanaweza tu kuota kwenye joto lililo juu ya nyuzi joto 10 Celsius. Zaidi ya hayo, soya yako inaweza isiweke maua kwa sababu ya siku fupi. Soya inahitaji mwanga wa jua ili kustawi.
2. Ni wakati gani sahihi wa kupanda?
Kati hadi mwishoni mwa Desemba
3. Je, iwapo nilipanda maharage yangu mapema?
Unaweza kuwa na uanzishwaji duni wa miche. Walakini, ikiwa unatumia aina kama Dina, unaweza kupanda katikati ya Novemba kwa sababu zinahitaji misimu mirefu zaidi huku zikiendelea kutoa maua na kukua. Dina inatoa mavuno mengi kuliko Kafue ambayo hupanda maua na kuacha kukua. Pia, Kafue husambaratika mapema, kwa hivyo lazima ivunwe mapema.
4. Je! nikipanda maharagwe yangu Januari?
Unaweza kuwa na mavuno duni isipokuwa ukiongeza kwa umwagiliaji hasa wakati wa maua na hatua ya kujaza maganda.
Unaweza pia kupenda: Mimea ya kurekebisha nitrojeni ambayo unapaswa kuwa unapanda katika shamba lako.
5. Maharage ya soya huchukua muda gani kukomaa?
Inachukua kama siku 120 hadi 130
Kwa nini maharagwe yangu ya soya hayakua?
Unaweza kuwa umetumia mbegu zilizokwisha muda wake au ukapanda kwa kina kirefu.
6. Ni nini kinachoweza kukua kwenye ardhi sawa na soya?
Mazao kama mahindi na ngano ambayo hayashambuliwi na nematode.
7. Ni aina gani ya mbolea na ninaweza kutumia kiasi gani?
Kwa udongo usio na rutuba, ongeza Mbolea Hai hadi 350-400kg/ha na 100-300kg/ha kwa udongo wenye rutuba ya wastani.
8. Maua huanza lini?
Kati ya siku 55 na 75
Nina magugu mengi sana shambani mwangu. Je, ninaweza kuwaacha? Wavute na waache walale.
Magugu yanaweza kushindana na mimea yako kwa ajili ya virutubisho, unyevunyevu na mwanga ambayo nayo hupunguza mavuno.
9. Nitajuaje kama maharagwe yangu yapo tayari?
Majani huanza kudondoka, mbegu huwa imara na maganda hubadilika rangi.
Je, ninaweza kupanda maharage ya soya kiasi gani kwa hekta?
Unaweza kupanda kilo 90-100 kwa hekta.
10. Ninaweza kupata kiasi gani kwa hekta moja?