9 3 POULTRY – 9.16 - HOT WHEATHER HEAT TIPS Part -1-

 ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

9 3 POULTRY – 9.16 - HOT WHEATHER HEAT TIPS Part -1-

HOT WEATHER, MAXIMUM PRODUCTION MAINTAINED.

POULTRY HEAT TIPS-

HOW TO AVOID OR REDUCE HEAT STRESS IN POULTRY HOUSE

*Make sure birds have cool, clean water.

*Add electrolytes to water, electrolytes will help to balance the electrolytes in birds. You can add vitamin A, B complex, D and E to supplement the water for broilers and C for breeding poultry.

*Feed birds during cooler parts of the day, since birds produce heat while they digest. For boilers and turkeys, remove feed 6 hours before the afternoon peak temperature. once the peak temperature has passed ,feed can be reintroduced.

*Leave birds alone during the hottest parts of the day.

*Make sure the birds have plenty of space. Reduce body heat by putting fewer birds in the house.

*Make sure birds environments are well- ventilated and comfortable. A misting/forging may be used to help birds cool down.

*Provide adequate ventilation for the number of birds housed.

*Do not exceed recommended Welfare stocking densities.

*Where possible, reduce stocking densities during hot weather both in the shed and during transport.

*Regularly maintain and test alarms and emergency ventilation equipment.

*Insulate the house structure sufficiently to avoid solar heat gain.

*Position sufficient circulation fans correctly.

*Make contingency plans in advance so all know their respective roles and ensure that someone is available with authority to take decisions.

 

SPECIFICALLY FOR LAYERS IN HOT CLIMATES

Heat can have a significant impact on layer flocks, but there are measures that can be taken to keep hens healthy and producing eggs. When summer temperatures rise, egg producers need to be ready or they will see egg output decline, and flock mortalities increase.

The comfortable ambient temperature for poultry is between 18 and 24C. Above this, birds fail to maintain their normal internal body temperature (41.6C), due to the absence of sweat glands and complete feather coverage of the body. When the ambient temperature rises above the ideal, a chicken’s internal body temperature also rises, leading to a drop in feed consumption (>26-32C), heat stress (>35C), panting, prostration (>35C) and death (>38C).

Failing to manage heat stress results in poor layer production performance, and it should be remembered that older birds and heavier birds are more sensitive to heat stress than younger and lighter birds. Heat stress can be managed by altering the macro- and micro-environments where birds are housed.

Four specific areas can be easily managed to ensure that laying hens are kept as comfortable as possible during hotter months and that egg production is not reduced. These are:

* Housing management

*Water management

*Feed fortification

*General management

 

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

9 3 KUKU – 9.16 - VIDOKEZO VYA JOTO LA ANGA MOTO Sehemu ya -1-

HALI YA HEWA YA JOTO, UZALISHAJI WA JUU UMEDUMIWA.

Vidokezo vya JOTO LA KUKU-

JINSI YA KUEPUKA AU KUPUNGUZA MSONGO WA JOTO KWENYE NYUMBA YA KUKU

*Hakikisha ndege wana maji baridi na safi.

*Ongeza elektroliti kwenye maji, elektroliti zitasaidia kusawazisha elektroliti katika ndege. Unaweza kuongeza vitamini A, B complex, D na E ili kuongeza maji kwa kuku wa nyama na C kwa ajili ya ufugaji wa kuku.

*Lisha ndege wakati wa sehemu zenye baridi zaidi za mchana, kwa kuwa ndege hutoa joto wakati wanayeyusha. Kwa boilers na batamzinga, ondoa malisho saa 6 kabla ya joto la kilele cha mchana. mara tu joto la juu limepita, malisho yanaweza kuletwa tena.

*Waachie ndege wakati wa jua kali zaidi.

*Hakikisha ndege wana nafasi nyingi. Punguza joto la mwili kwa kuweka ndege wachache ndani ya nyumba.

*Hakikisha mazingira ya ndege yana hewa ya kutosha na ya kustarehesha. Ukungu/kughushi kunaweza kutumika kusaidia ndege kupoa.

*Toa hewa ya kutosha kwa idadi ya ndege wanaowekwa.

*Usizidi msongamano wa hifadhi uliopendekezwa wa Welfare.

*Inapowezekana, punguza msongamano wa hifadhi wakati wa hali ya hewa ya joto katika banda na wakati wa usafiri.

*Dumisha na kujaribu kengele na vifaa vya uingizaji hewa wa dharura mara kwa mara.

*Imarisha muundo wa nyumba vya kutosha ili kuzuia kuongezeka kwa joto la jua.

*Weka feni za kutosha za mzunguko kwa usahihi.

*Fanya mipango ya dharura mapema ili wote wajue majukumu yao husika na uhakikishe kuwa kuna mtu aliye na mamlaka ya kufanya maamuzi.

 

HASA KWA TAFU KATIKA HALI YA HEWA MOTO

Joto linaweza kuwa na athari kubwa kwa makundi ya tabaka, lakini kuna hatua zinazoweza kuchukuliwa ili kuwaweka kuku wenye afya na wanaozalisha mayai. Wakati joto la kiangazi linapopanda, watayarishaji wa mayai wanahitaji kuwa tayari au wataona pato la yai likipungua, na vifo vya kundi huongezeka.

Joto la kawaida la mazingira kwa kuku ni kati ya 18 na 24C. Zaidi ya hayo, ndege hushindwa kudumisha joto lao la kawaida la ndani (41.6C), kutokana na kutokuwepo kwa tezi za jasho na kufunika kamili kwa manyoya ya mwili. Joto la mazingira linapopanda juu ya hali bora, joto la ndani la kuku pia huongezeka, na hivyo kusababisha kupungua kwa matumizi ya chakula (>26-32C), shinikizo la joto (>35C), kuhema, kusujudu (>35C) na kifo (>38C. )

Kushindwa kudhibiti mkazo wa joto husababisha utendakazi duni wa uzalishaji wa tabaka, na ikumbukwe kwamba ndege wakubwa na ndege wazito huathirika zaidi na shinikizo la joto kuliko ndege wachanga na wepesi. Mkazo wa joto unaweza kudhibitiwa kwa kubadilisha mazingira ya jumla na madogo ambapo ndege huwekwa.

Maeneo manne mahususi yanaweza kusimamiwa kwa urahisi ili kuhakikisha kuwa kuku wanaotaga wanatunzwa vizuri iwezekanavyo wakati wa miezi ya joto kali na kwamba uzalishaji wa yai haupunguzwi. Hizi ni:

* Usimamizi wa makazi

* Usimamizi wa maji

*Urutubishaji wa malisho

* Usimamizi wa jumla