9 3 POULTRY – 9.18 - HOT WHEATHER HEAT TIPS Part -3-

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

9 3 POULTRY – 9.18 - HOT WHEATHER HEAT TIPS Part -3-

 

FEED SUPPLEMENTATION

*As layer hens’ feed intake tends to reduce during hotter months, they should be fed with supplemented diets, so that egg production is not reduced.

*Layers prefer high energy (in terms of fat calories) and low protein (2- 3 percent less than normal) diets with balanced amino acids (in terms of lysine and methionine). Supplementing feed with respect to energy should be done in the form of fat calories only, and the following are worth keeping in mind:

*Replace 10-15 percent of feed energy normally supplied by carbohydrates and proteins with 1-2 percent vegetable oil/fats

*Substitute 20-25 percent of de-oiled rice bran with oiled rice bran. This will not only ensure that the feed is rich in fat calories, but it will also prevent feed becoming dusty so making it more palatable. Use only fresh oiled rice bran, and keep only 1 week to 10 days’ supply to avoid oxidation of stocks.

*Supplement the layer feed with amino acids in line with feed intake. Replace DL-methionine with methionine hydroxyl analogue and betaine.

Increase the calcium content of the diet from 4 percent to 5 percent.

*Replace 40-50 percent of any salt in the diet with sodium bicarbonate to help maintain egg shell quality.

*Vitamin and mineral premixes should be increased by 25 percent, with particular attention paid to vitamins C, A and E.

*Supplementation with additives such as symbiotic, Phyto biotics, acidifiers and dextrose can also help in alleviating the heat stress.

*Feed birds as specific times. One-third of the feed should be given in the early hours of the day, 4-5 a.m., and the remainder later in the day, noon-1 p.m. It is beneficial to dim the lights while feeding, in order to reduce physical activity and hence heat load on the birds. Feed should be stirred in the feeders. During hotter months, birds wet feed with saliva, which can lead to caking in the feeder, the growth of mould, and production losses.

*A good mycotoxin binder should be added to the poultry feed.

 

GENERAL MANAGEMENT

A minimum-maximum thermometer should be hung inside the poultry shed to check temperature variations during the day. The application of any medicines or vaccines, debeaking, and any movement of the birds should be carried out during the cooler part of the day. When medicines are administered, there should be plenty of cool, fresh water available as well as quality feed. Anti-coccidia drugs, however, should be used with caution and selectively during hotter weather as some can aggravate heat stress.

 

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KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

9 3 KUKU – 9.18 - VIDOKEZO VYA JOTO LA ANGA MOTO Sehemu ya -3-

NYONGEZA YA MALISHO

*Kwa vile ulaji wa chakula cha kuku wa tabaka huelekea kupungua wakati wa miezi ya joto kali, wanapaswa kulishwa na vyakula vya ziada, ili uzalishaji wa yai usipungue.

*Tabaka hupendelea nishati nyingi (kwa upande wa kalori za mafuta) na protini ya chini (asilimia 2- 3 chini ya kawaida) mlo na asidi ya amino iliyosawazishwa (kwa suala la lysine na methionine). Kuongeza chakula kwa heshima na nishati kunapaswa kufanywa kwa njia ya kalori ya mafuta tu, na yafuatayo yanafaa kukumbuka:

*Badilisha asilimia 10-15 ya nishati ya chakula inayotolewa kwa kawaida na wanga na protini kwa asilimia 1-2 ya mafuta/mafuta ya mboga.

*Badala ya asilimia 20-25 ya pumba za mchele zilizokatwa mafuta na pumba za mchele zilizotiwa mafuta. Hii haitahakikisha tu kwamba malisho yana kalori nyingi za mafuta, lakini pia itazuia malisho kuwa na vumbi hivyo kuifanya iwe ya kupendeza zaidi. Tumia pumba mpya za mchele zilizotiwa mafuta pekee, na uhifadhi chakula kutoka kwa wiki 1 hadi siku 10 ili kuepuka uoksidishaji wa hifadhi.

*Ongeza malisho ya safu na asidi ya amino kulingana na ulaji wa malisho. Badilisha DL-methionine na analog ya methionine hidroksili na betaine.

Kuongeza maudhui ya kalsiamu ya chakula kutoka asilimia 4 hadi asilimia 5.

*Badilisha asilimia 40-50 ya chumvi yoyote kwenye lishe na sodium bicarbonate ili kusaidia kudumisha ubora wa ganda la yai.

*Michanganyiko ya vitamini na madini inapaswa kuongezwa kwa asilimia 25, kwa kuzingatia hasa vitamini C, A na E.

*Kuongeza viungio kama vile symbiotic, Phyto biotics, acidifiers na dextrose pia kunaweza kusaidia katika kupunguza shinikizo la joto.

*Lisha ndege kama nyakati maalum. Theluthi moja ya malisho inapaswa kutolewa mapema asubuhi, saa 4-5 asubuhi, na iliyobaki baadaye mchana, saa sita mchana-1 p.m. Ni manufaa kupunguza taa wakati wa kulisha, ili kupunguza shughuli za kimwili na hivyo mzigo wa joto kwenye ndege. Chakula kinapaswa kuchochewa kwenye malisho. Katika miezi ya joto kali, ndege hulisha kwa mate, ambayo inaweza kusababisha kuoka kwenye malisho, ukuaji wa ukungu na upotezaji wa uzalishaji.

*Kifungashio kizuri cha mycotoxin kiongezwe kwenye chakula cha kuku.

USIMAMIZI MKUU

Kipimajoto cha kiwango cha chini zaidi kinapaswa kuanikwa ndani ya banda la kuku ili kuangalia mabadiliko ya joto wakati wa mchana. Utumiaji wa dawa au chanjo yoyote, kunyoosha, na harakati zozote za ndege zinapaswa kufanywa wakati wa baridi zaidi wa siku. Wakati dawa zinatumiwa, lazima kuwe na maji mengi ya baridi, safi yanayopatikana pamoja na malisho bora. Dawa za kuzuia coccidia, hata hivyo, zinapaswa kutumiwa kwa tahadhari na kwa kuchagua wakati wa hali ya hewa ya joto zaidi kwani zingine zinaweza kuongeza mkazo wa joto.