9 3 POULTRY – 9.17 - HOT WHEATHER HEAT TIPS Part -2-

  

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY  

9 3 POULTRY – 9.17 - HOT WHEATHER HEAT TIPS Part -2-

 

ADJUSTING THE POULTRY HOUSE ENVIRONMENT

Measures can be taken in hotter climates to minimize the impact of heat on layers:

* The long axis of the poultry house should be in an East-West direction, and the roof overhang should extend to at least 1.5 meters to reduce the amount of direct sun and rain entering the house. Paste or paint the shed roof with a reflective covering. General best practice is to whitewash the roof with lime. This can reduce the house temperature by up to 2C.

*Cover the layer house roof with insulating materials such as paddy straw, sugar cane leaves, coconut leaves or hay.

*Provide ridge vents at roof level to allow hot air to exit, so that cool air may enter the poultry shed through side openings.

*Outside of the house, attach sprinklers onto the roof. Turning them on during hot weather will bring down the temperature inside the house.

*Use of side curtains – gunny bags can be used to protect birds from direct hot wind currents. Those bags facing any oncoming winds can be kept wet so that birds feel a cool breeze. Adopting this practice can reduce the temperature up to 2-3C.

*Inside the poultry shed, attach forgers at bird level to reduce the temperature. Fog should be kept to a fine mist only, to prevent the birds, litter and feed from becoming wet. *Planting tall trees around the farm can help to reduce radiant heat.

 

WATER MANAGEMENT

*During hot weather, chickens pant to bring down their body temperature, and this leads to a higher-than-normal loss of water, so plenty of drinking water must be available, but it must be managed carefully. Provide three to four times the normal daily amount.

*Do not completely fill the overhead water tank during the hotter summer months, and conduct flush-outs during the day to slow down any heating of standing water. If possible, cover the tank with wet gunny bags and paint it with a reflective covering.

*Increase the frequency of watering. Birds must always have access to cool water.

*Giving birds salt will stimulate their water consumption. Supplement drinking water with 0.2 percent salt and commercially available electrolytes (1-2 gm/liter) to maintain birds’ electrolyte balance.

*Vitamin C and citric acid can be added to drinking water, as the latter is a good carrier for vitamins during the summer. Supplementing vitamin C through water has been found to more beneficial than adding it to feed.

  

 KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

9 3 KUKU – 9.17 - VIDOKEZO VYA JOTO LA ANGA MOTO Sehemu ya -2-

 

KUREKEBISHA MAZINGIRA YA NYUMBA YA KUKU

Hatua zinaweza kuchukuliwa katika hali ya hewa ya joto ili kupunguza athari za joto kwenye tabaka:

* Mhimili mrefu wa nyumba ya kuku unapaswa kuwa katika mwelekeo wa Mashariki-Magharibi, na juu ya paa inapaswa kupanua angalau mita 1.5 ili kupunguza kiasi cha jua moja kwa moja na mvua inayoingia ndani ya nyumba. Bandika au upake rangi paa la kumwaga na kifuniko cha kutafakari. Mbinu bora ya jumla ni kupaka paa chokaa na chokaa. Hii inaweza kupunguza joto la nyumba hadi 2C.

*Funika paa la nyumba kwa kutumia vifaa vya kuhami joto kama vile majani ya mpunga, majani ya miwa, majani ya minazi au nyasi.

*Toa matundu ya matuta kwenye usawa wa paa ili kuruhusu hewa ya moto kutoka, ili hewa baridi iingie kwenye banda la kuku kupitia matundu ya pembeni.

*Nje ya nyumba, ambatisha vinyunyizio kwenye paa. Kuwasha wakati wa joto kutapunguza joto ndani ya nyumba.

*Matumizi ya mapazia ya pembeni - mifuko ya bunduki inaweza kutumika kulinda ndege dhidi ya mikondo ya moja kwa moja ya upepo wa moto. Mifuko hiyo inayokabili upepo wowote unaokuja inaweza kuwekwa mvua ili ndege wahisi upepo wa baridi. Kupitisha mazoezi haya kunaweza kupunguza joto hadi 2-3C.

*Ndani ya banda la kuku, ambatisha ghushi kwenye kiwango cha ndege ili kupunguza joto. Ukungu unapaswa kuhifadhiwa kwa ukungu mzuri tu, ili kuzuia ndege, takataka na malisho kuwa mvua. *Kupanda miti mirefu kuzunguka shamba kunaweza kusaidia kupunguza joto linalowaka.

 

USIMAMIZI WA MAJI

*Wakati wa hali ya hewa ya joto, kuku hupumua ili kupunguza joto la mwili wao, na hii husababisha upotevu wa juu kuliko kawaida wa maji, kwa hivyo maji mengi ya kunywa lazima yapatikane, lakini lazima yadhibitiwe kwa uangalifu. Toa mara tatu hadi nne ya kiwango cha kawaida cha kila siku.

*Usijaze kabisa tanki la maji la juu wakati wa miezi ya kiangazi yenye joto jingi, na uondoe maji wakati wa mchana ili kupunguza upashaji joto wa maji yaliyosimama. Ikiwezekana, funika tanki na mifuko ya bunduki ya mvua na uipake kwa kifuniko cha kutafakari.

*Kuongeza mzunguko wa kumwagilia. Ndege lazima daima wapate maji baridi.

*Kuwapa ndege chumvi kutachochea matumizi yao ya maji. Ongeza maji ya kunywa kwa asilimia 0.2 ya chumvi na elektroliti zinazouzwa kibiashara (1-2 gm/lita) ili kudumisha usawa wa elektroliti za ndege.

*Vitamini C na asidi citric inaweza kuongezwa kwa maji ya kunywa, kama mwisho ni carrier mzuri wa vitamini wakati wa majira ya joto. Kuongeza vitamini C kupitia maji kumeonekana kuwa na faida zaidi kuliko kuiongeza kwenye chakula.