8 1 NATURAL PESTICIDES – 8.27 - 9 HERBS TO REPEL ANTS DETAILS

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

8 1 NATURAL PESTICIDES – 8.27 - 9 HERBS TO REPEL ANTS

9 Herbs to Repel Ants Around Your Home and Garden

by Davis Phelan

Ants are tiny troublemakers for both indoor and outdoor spaces. How do get rid of them? These herbs today are great natural methods to protect your home and garden from the attack of ants. It’s time to say “goodbye” to insecticides!

1. Garlic

To get rid of ants naturally, you can grow garlic in the garden or in pots. This herb grows happily in full sunlight and well-draining soil.

2. Lemongrass

Lemongrass is an effective deterrent for ants as its citronella oil. To control little insects, you can crush the leaves and spread them around the garden plants.

3. Catnip

Although catnip is a cat’s favourite herb, ants completely hate its aromatic, so you can grow the plant in any place such as doors, windows, or garden areas wherever you found them mostly to deter them.

4. Lavender

Lavender is a beautiful herb that displays impressive purple flowers with a strong scent. This fragrance can deter ants effectively, so you can grow them around your garden to control ant visit.

5. Rosemary

Rosemary not only spreads a warm aroma to your indoor living space but also keeps the garden from the attack of ants and other pests like beetles, mosquitoes, and more.

6. Sage

Thanks to releasing the powerful oil scent, sage is an effective natural method of deterring ants and other insects in your home and garden.

7. Mint

Mint is a perennial herb that brings innumerable benefits including keeping ants away. So, if you want to control the appearance of ants, grow mint in pots to place in any space like near doors and below windows.

8. Turmeric

Turmeric is a great repellent-ant plant using its powder roots. To control ants, grow turmeric in areas they appear mostly or sprinkle a few of its powder and keep it on the ants’ path.

9. Thyme

With its anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties, thyme can get rid of ants from entering the soil. To control them, you can crush its leaves and sprinkle the pathway of ants.

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

8 1 DAWA ASILI ZA WADUDU – 8.28 - MIMEA 9 ZA KUZUIA Mchwa

Mimea 9 ya Kuzuia Mchwa Kuzunguka Nyumba na Bustani Yako

Mchwa ni wasumbufu wadogo kwa nafasi za ndani na nje. Jinsi ya kuwaondoa? Mimea hii leo ni njia nzuri za asili za kulinda nyumba yako na bustani kutokana na mashambulizi ya mchwa. Ni wakati wa kusema "kwaheri" kwa wadudu!

1. Kitunguu saumu

Ili kuondokana na mchwa kwa kawaida, unaweza kukua vitunguu kwenye bustani au kwenye sufuria. Mimea hii inakua kwa furaha katika jua kamili na udongo wenye unyevu.

2. Mchaichai

Mchaichai ni kinga bora kwa mchwa kama mafuta yake ya citronella. Ili kudhibiti wadudu wadogo, unaweza kuponda majani na kueneza karibu na mimea ya bustani.

3. Paka

Ingawa paka ni mimea inayopendwa na paka, mchwa huchukia kabisa kunukia kwake, kwa hivyo unaweza kukuza mmea katika sehemu yoyote kama vile milango, madirisha, au maeneo ya bustani popote ulipowapata ili kuwazuia.

4. Lavender

Lavender ni mmea mzuri unaoonyesha maua ya zambarau ya kuvutia na harufu kali. Harufu hii inaweza kuzuia mchwa kwa ufanisi, hivyo unaweza kuwakuza karibu na bustani yako ili kudhibiti ziara ya chungu.

5. Rosemary

Rosemary sio tu kwamba hueneza harufu ya joto kwenye nafasi yako ya kuishi ndani ya nyumba lakini pia hulinda bustani dhidi ya mashambulizi ya mchwa na wadudu wengine kama vile mende, mbu na zaidi.

6. Sage

Shukrani kwa kutoa harufu ya mafuta yenye nguvu, sage ni njia ya asili ya ufanisi ya kuzuia mchwa na wadudu wengine katika nyumba yako na bustani.

7. Mint

Mint ni mimea ya kudumu ambayo huleta faida nyingi ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwazuia mchwa. Kwa hivyo, ikiwa unataka kudhibiti mwonekano wa mchwa, panda mnanaa kwenye sufuria ili uweke mahali popote kama karibu na milango na chini ya madirisha.

8. Tangawizi

Turmeric ni mmea mkubwa wa kuzuia mbu kwa kutumia mizizi yake ya unga. Ili kudhibiti mchwa, panda manjano katika maeneo wanayoonekana zaidi au nyunyiza unga wake kidogo na uihifadhi kwenye njia ya mchwa.

9. Thyme

Kwa mali yake ya kupambana na vimelea na ya bakteria, thyme inaweza kuondokana na mchwa kuingia kwenye udongo. Ili kuwadhibiti, unaweza kuponda majani yake na kuinyunyiza njia ya mchwa.

8 1 NATURAL PESTICIDES – 8.28 - 9 HERBS TO REPEL ANTS

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

8 1 NATURAL PESTICIDES – 8.28 - 9 HERBS TO REPEL ANTS

9 Herbs to Repel Ants Around Your Home and Garden

by Davis Phelan

Ants are tiny troublemakers for both indoor and outdoor spaces. How do get rid of them? These herbs today are great natural methods to protect your home and garden from the attack of ants. It’s time to say “goodbye” to insecticides!

1. Garlic

To get rid of ants naturally, you can grow garlic in the garden or in pots. This herb grows happily in full sunlight and well-draining soil.

2. Lemongrass

Lemongrass is an effective deterrent for ants as its citronella oil. To control little insects, you can crush the leaves and spread them around the garden plants.

3. Catnip

Although catnip is a cat’s favourite herb, ants completely hate its aromatic, so you can grow the plant in any place such as doors, windows, or garden areas wherever you found them mostly to deter them.

4. Lavender

Lavender is a beautiful herb that displays impressive purple flowers with a strong scent. This fragrance can deter ants effectively, so you can grow them around your garden to control ant visit.

5. Rosemary

Rosemary not only spreads a warm aroma to your indoor living space but also keeps the garden from the attack of ants and other pests like beetles, mosquitoes, and more.

6. Sage

Thanks to releasing the powerful oil scent, sage is an effective natural method of deterring ants and other insects in your home and garden.

7. Mint

Mint is a perennial herb that brings innumerable benefits including keeping ants away. So, if you want to control the appearance of ants, grow mint in pots to place in any space like near doors and below windows.

8. Turmeric

Turmeric is a great repellent-ant plant using its powder roots. To control ants, grow turmeric in areas they appear mostly or sprinkle a few of its powder and keep it on the ants’ path.

9. Thyme

With its anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties, thyme can get rid of ants from entering the soil. To control them, you can crush its leaves and sprinkle the pathway of ants.

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

8 1 DAWA ASILI ZA WADUDU – 8.28 - MIMEA 9 ZA KUZUIA Mchwa

Mimea 9 ya Kuzuia Mchwa Kuzunguka Nyumba na Bustani Yako

Mchwa ni wasumbufu wadogo kwa nafasi za ndani na nje. Jinsi ya kuwaondoa? Mimea hii leo ni njia nzuri za asili za kulinda nyumba yako na bustani kutokana na mashambulizi ya mchwa. Ni wakati wa kusema "kwaheri" kwa wadudu!

1. Kitunguu saumu

Ili kuondokana na mchwa kwa kawaida, unaweza kukua vitunguu kwenye bustani au kwenye sufuria. Mimea hii inakua kwa furaha katika jua kamili na udongo wenye unyevu.

2. Mchaichai

Mchaichai ni kinga bora kwa mchwa kama mafuta yake ya citronella. Ili kudhibiti wadudu wadogo, unaweza kuponda majani na kueneza karibu na mimea ya bustani.

3. Paka

Ingawa paka ni mimea inayopendwa na paka, mchwa huchukia kabisa kunukia kwake, kwa hivyo unaweza kukuza mmea katika sehemu yoyote kama vile milango, madirisha, au maeneo ya bustani popote ulipowapata ili kuwazuia.

4. Lavender

Lavender ni mmea mzuri unaoonyesha maua ya zambarau ya kuvutia na harufu kali. Harufu hii inaweza kuzuia mchwa kwa ufanisi, hivyo unaweza kuwakuza karibu na bustani yako ili kudhibiti ziara ya chungu.

5. Rosemary

Rosemary sio tu kwamba hueneza harufu ya joto kwenye nafasi yako ya kuishi ndani ya nyumba lakini pia hulinda bustani dhidi ya mashambulizi ya mchwa na wadudu wengine kama vile mende, mbu na zaidi.

6. Sage

Shukrani kwa kutoa harufu ya mafuta yenye nguvu, sage ni njia ya asili ya ufanisi ya kuzuia mchwa na wadudu wengine katika nyumba yako na bustani.

7. Mint

Mint ni mimea ya kudumu ambayo huleta faida nyingi ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwazuia mchwa. Kwa hivyo, ikiwa unataka kudhibiti mwonekano wa mchwa, panda mnanaa kwenye sufuria ili uweke mahali popote kama karibu na milango na chini ya madirisha.

8. Tangawizi

Turmeric ni mmea mkubwa wa kuzuia mbu kwa kutumia mizizi yake ya unga. Ili kudhibiti mchwa, panda manjano katika maeneo wanayoonekana zaidi au nyunyiza unga wake kidogo na uihifadhi kwenye njia ya mchwa.

9. Thyme

Kwa mali yake ya kupambana na vimelea na ya bakteria, thyme inaweza kuondokana na mchwa kuingia kwenye udongo. Ili kuwadhibiti, unaweza kuponda majani yake na kuinyunyiza njia ya mchwa.

9 0 HUSBANDARY – 9.1 - ANIMAL HUSBANDARY IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

9 0 HUSBANDARY – 9.1 - ANIMAL HUSBANDARY IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE 

 

Integrating animal husbandry into crop producing farms is one of the principles of organic farming. In temperate and arid zones, animal husbandry plays an important role in the recycling of nutrients, while it is less emphasised in the humid tropics. The caring, training, and nurturing of animals is considered an art in many farming communities

 

Integrating animals into a farm help creating a closed or semi-closed system where energy and nutrients are recycled. Animals can convert non-edible biomass (e.g. grass, straw, kitchen waste) into food, while increasing soil fertility with their manure.

ANIMALS INTEGRATED INTO THE FARM, SHOWING THE FLOW OF FODDER, DUNG AND PRODUCTS

 

 

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

9 o UFUGAJI - 9.1 - UFUGAJI WANYAMA KATIKA KILIMO HAI

Kuunganisha ufugaji katika mashamba ya kuzalisha mazao ni mojawapo ya kanuni za kilimo hai. Katika maeneo yenye joto na ukame, ufugaji una jukumu muhimu katika urejelezaji wa virutubishi, wakati hausisitizwi sana katika nchi zenye unyevunyevu. Utunzaji, mafunzo na ulezi wa wanyama unachukuliwa kuwa sanaa katika jamii nyingi za wakulima

Kuunganisha wanyama katika shamba husaidia kuunda mfumo funge au nusu-imefungwa ambapo nishati na virutubisho ni recycled. Wanyama wanaweza kubadilisha biomasi isiyoweza kuliwa (k.m. nyasi, majani, taka za jikoni) kuwa chakula, huku wakiongeza rutuba ya udongo kwa samadi yao.

 

9 0 HUSBANDARY - 9.2 - REASONS TO KEEP FARM ANIMALS

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

9 0 HUSBANDARY- 9.2 - REASONS TO KEEP FARM ANIMALS

Farm animals have a multi-functional role, for example:

→ Produce dung which is of great importance for soil fertility.

→ Yield products such as milk or eggs for sale or own consumption continuously.

→ Recycle by-products such as straw or kitchen waste.

→ Serve as draught animals for tillage or transport.

→ Produce meat, hides, feathers, horns etc.

→ Serve as an investment or a bank.

→ Help in pest control (e.g. dugs) and weed management

      (e.g. grazing on barren fields).

→ Have cultural or religious significance(prestige,ceremonies  

→ Produce young stock for breeding or sale.

The significance of each role will vary from animal to animal and from farm to farm. It will also depend on the individual objectives of the farmer.

 

 TIPS of the picture :

Young stock

Dung

Milk

Culture, religion

Drought animal

Weeding

Investment bank

Meet hides

REASONS TO KEEP FARM ANIMALS –

A COW IS NOT JUST A COW! FARM ANIMALS CAN HAVE MANY FUNCTIONS FOR A FARMER

REASONS TO KEEP FARM ANIMALS –

A COW IS NOT JUST A COW! FARM ANIMALS CAN HAVE MANY FUNCTIONS FOR A FARMER

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

9 0 UFUGAJI- 9.2 - SABABU ZA KUFUGA WANYAMA

 

Wanyama wa shamba wana jukumu la kazi nyingi, kwa mfano:

→ Kuzalisha samadi ambayo ni ya umuhimu mkubwa kwa rutuba ya udongo.

→ Toa bidhaa kama vile maziwa au mayai kwa ajili ya kuuza au matumizi yako mwenyewe kwa kuendelea.

→ Sakata tena bidhaa za ziada kama vile majani au taka za jikoni.

→ Kutumikia kama wanyama wa kuvuta kwa kulima au kusafirisha.

→ Kuzalisha nyama, ngozi, manyoya, pembe nk.

→ Kutumikia kama uwekezaji au benki.

→ Msaada katika kudhibiti wadudu (k.m. kuchimba) na udhibiti wa magugu

       (k.m. kuchunga mashamba yasiyo na matunda).

→Kuwa na umuhimu wa kitamaduni au kidini (ufahari, sherehe n.k.).

→ Kuzalisha mifugo changa kwa ajili ya kuzaliana au kuuza.

Umuhimu wa kila jukumu utatofautiana kutoka kwa mnyama hadi mnyama na kutoka shamba hadi shamba. Pia itategemea malengo binafsi ya mkulima.

TIPS za picha:

Vijana wa hisa

Kinyesi

Maziwa

Utamaduni, dini

Mnyama wa ukame

Kupalilia

Benki ya uwekezaji

Kutana na maficho

SABABU ZA KUFUGA WANYAMA -

NG'OMBE SI NG'OMBE TU! WANYAMA WA SHAMBANI WANAWEZA KUWA NA KAZI NYINGI KWA MKULIMA

SABABU ZA KUFUGA WANYAMA -

NG'OMBE SI NG'OMBE TU! WANYAMA WA SHAMBANI WANAWEZA KUWA NA KAZI NYINGI KWA MKULIMA

9 0 HUSBANDARY – 9.6 - HOUSING

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

9 0 HUSBANDARY – 9.6 - HOUSING

The type of shed should be specific to the type of animals to be sheltered. Poultry, for instance, should be housed in sheds that do not get too hot. Contact of the animals with their faeces should be avoided as much as possible.

PLANNING SHEDS

Except for nomadic lifestyles, most farm animals are temporarily kept in sheds. The combination of animal husbandry and farm activities requires control of their movements to avoid damage to crops. For the welfare and health of the animals, sheds must be cool and aerated, and protect from rain.

They should be constructed in a way ensuring:

→ Sufficient space to lie down, stand up, move and express natural behaviour (e.g. licking, scratching etc.).

→ Sufficient light (as a rule, one should be able to read a newspaper in the shed).

→ Protection from sunlight, rain, and extreme temperatures.

→ Sufficient aeration, but no draught.

→ Appropriate beddings (see section below).

→ Elements to exercise natural behaviour (e.g. for poultry: perching rails, sand baths and secluded laying nests).

→ Sheltered pits or heaps to collect and store manure.

For economic reasons, sheds can be built with simple, locally available materials. Many countries have a rich tradition of shed constructions, and have developed the most efficient and appropriate shed systems for the conditions of the region. If techniques of this heritage are combined with the above principles, a locally adapted and at the same time animal friendly system may be obtained.

BEDDINGS

Beddings are materials used in sheds for keeping the floor soft, dry, and clean, which is important for animal health. They absorb the excrements of the animals and need to be re-placed from time to time. Beddings can be of straw, leaves, twigs, husks or other locally available material. They can be replaced daily or kept for several months while adding fresh material on top.

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

9 0 MFUGAJI - 9.6 - MAKAZI

Aina ya banda inapaswa kuwa maalum kwa aina ya wanyama wa kuhifadhiwa. Kuku, kwa mfano, wanapaswa kuwekwa kwenye banda ambalo halipishi joto sana. Mgusano wa wanyama na kinyesi chao unapaswa kuepukwa iwezekanavyo.

BANDA ZA KUPANGA

Isipokuwa kwa maisha ya kuhamahama, wanyama wengi wa shamba huhifadhiwa kwa muda kwenye vibanda. Mchanganyiko wa ufugaji na shughuli za kilimo unahitaji udhibiti wa mienendo yao ili kuepusha uharibifu wa mazao. Kwa ajili ya ustawi na afya ya wanyama, sheds lazima baridi na aerated, na kulinda kutokana na mvua.

Wanapaswa kujengwa kwa njia ya kuhakikisha:

→ Nafasi ya kutosha ya kulala, kusimama, kusogea na kueleza tabia asilia (k.m. kulamba, kukwaruza n.k.).

→ Nuru ya kutosha (kama sheria, mtu anapaswa kuwa na uwezo wa kusoma gazeti katika kumwaga).

→ Ulinzi dhidi ya mwanga wa jua, mvua, na halijoto kali.

→ Upepo wa kutosha, lakini hakuna rasimu.

→ Vitanda vinavyofaa (tazama sehemu hapa chini).

→ Vipengele vya kutekeleza tabia asili (k.m. kwa kuku: reli za kukaa, bafu za mchanga na viota vya kuwekea vilivyotengwa).

→ Mashimo au chungu zilizohifadhiwa za kukusanya na kuhifadhi samadi.

Kwa sababu za kiuchumi, sheds zinaweza kujengwa kwa nyenzo rahisi, zinazopatikana ndani ya nchi. Nchi nyingi zina utamaduni tajiri wa ujenzi wa vibanda, na zimeunda mifumo bora zaidi na inayofaa kwa hali ya eneo hilo. Ikiwa mbinu za urithi huu zimeunganishwa na kanuni zilizo hapo juu, mfumo wa kirafiki uliobadilishwa ndani ya nchi na wakati huo huo unaweza kupatikana.

VITANDA

Matandiko ni nyenzo zinazotumika katika vibanda kwa kuweka sakafu laini, kavu na safi, ambayo ni muhimu kwa afya ya wanyama. Wananyonya kinyesi cha wanyama na wanahitaji kuwekwa tena mara kwa mara. Vitanda vinaweza kuwa vya majani, majani, matawi, maganda au nyenzo nyinginezo zinazopatikana ndani ya nchi. Wanaweza kubadilishwa kila siku au kuwekwa kwa miezi kadhaa huku wakiongeza nyenzo safi juu.

TRADITIONAL SIMPLE SHEDS IN SENEGAL (CATTLE SHED, GOAT SHED, CHICKEN SHED)

9 0 HUSBANDARY- 9.3 - MAKING A DECISSION ON ANIMAL HUSBANDARY

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

9 0 HUSBANDARY- 9.3 - MAKING A DECISSION ON ANIMAL HUSBANDARY

There are several reasons for taking up animal husbandry as a part of your farming activities or even as the main one. There are also several critical aspects to be taken into consideration. In order to decide on whether and how to get involved in animal husbandry, you should ask yourself a number of questions:

IS MY FARM SUITABLE?

Do I have enough space for shedding and grazing, enough fodder or by-products to feed, enough know-how on keeping, feeding, and treating the specific kind of animals?

WILL THE ANIMAL BENEFIT MY FARM?

Can I use the dung in a suitable way? Will I get products for my own consumption or sales? Will the animals somehow affect my crops?

CAN I GET THE NECESSARY INPUTS?

Is enough labour available within or outside my farm? Is enough fodder and water of good quality available throughout the year? Will remedies and veterinary support be available, if needed? Can I get suitable breeds of animals?

WILL I FIND A MARKET FOR THE PRODUCTS?

Does anyone want to buy my milk, eggs, meat etc.? Is the price worth the effort? Am I able to compete with other farmers?

WHAT DO ANAIMALS NEED?

Organic farmers try to achieve healthy farm animals which can produce satisfyingly over a long period of time. To achieve this goal, various needs of farm animals must be considered:

→ Fodder in adequate quality and quantity; for non-ruminants: diversity in fodder is usually required.

→ Sufficient access to clean drinking water.

→ Clean sheds of enough size and with adequate light and fresh air.

→ Sufficient freedom to move around and perform their natural behaviour.

→ Healthy conditions and veterinary follow-up, when needed.

→ Sufficient contact with other animals, but no stress due to overcrowding.

→ For herd animals: an appropriate age and sex distribution within the herd.

 

Organic animal husbandry means not only feeding organic food and avoiding synthetic food additives and synthetic medicines (e.g. antibiotics, grow hormones), but also focusing on satisfying the various needs of the farm animals. Good health and welfare of the animals are among the main objectives. Suffering due to mutilations, permanent tethering or isolation of herd animals must be avoided as much as possible. For various reasons, landless animal husbandry (i.e. fodder purchased from outside the farm, no grazing land) is not permitted in organic farming.

 

HOW MANY ANIMALS TO KEEP?

In order to identify the appropriate number for a specific kind of animal on a farm, the following points should be considered:

→ Availability of fodder on the farm, especially in periods of scarcity

     (e.g. dry season).

→ Carrying capacity of pastures.

→ Size of existing or planned sheds.

→ Maximum amount of manure the fields can bear.

→ Availability of labour for looking after the animals.

 

In tropical countries, farm animals are frequently found to be underfed. When defining the number of farm animals, keep in mind that the economic benefit will be higher when fewer animals are kept, but fed well. Not only the amount, but also the quality of the available food must be taken into consideration.

 

 

 

TIPS of the picture:

·         Habits: enough move

·         Fodder: diverse, enough quantities

·         Health: hygienic conditions

·         Treatment if needed

·         Contact: no isolation, now crowding

·         Sheds: enough, space and light

·         Water: enough and clean

·         Herds: appropriate age and sex distribution

 

WHAT FARM ANIMALS NEED –

FOR EXAMPLE, CHICKENS HAVE VARIOUS NEEDS WHICH SHOULD BE FULFILLED SIMULTANEOUSLY

 

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

9 0 UFUGAJI- 9.3 - KUFANYA UAMUZI KUHUSU UFUGAJI WA MNYAMA

 

Kuna sababu kadhaa za kuchukua ufugaji kama sehemu ya shughuli zako za kilimo au hata kama moja kuu. Pia kuna vipengele kadhaa muhimu kuzingatiwa. Ili kuamua ikiwa na jinsi ya kushiriki katika ufugaji, unapaswa kujiuliza maswali kadhaa:

 

SHAMBA LANGU LINAFAA?

Je, nina nafasi ya kutosha kwa ajili ya kumwaga na kuchungia malisho, malisho ya kutosha au mazao ya ziada ya kulisha, ujuzi wa kutosha juu ya kufuga, kulisha, na kutibu aina mahususi ya wanyama?

 

JE, MNYAMA ATAFAIDA SHAMBA LANGU?

Je, ninaweza kutumia kinyesi kwa njia inayofaa? Je, nitapata bidhaa kwa matumizi yangu au mauzo? Je, wanyama kwa namna fulani wataathiri mazao yangu?

 

JE, NAWEZA KUPATA PEMBEJEO MUHIMU?

Je, kazi ya kutosha inapatikana ndani au nje ya shamba langu? Je, lishe ya kutosha na maji yenye ubora mzuri yanapatikana kwa mwaka mzima? Je, tiba na usaidizi wa mifugo utapatikana, ikiwa inahitajika? Je, ninaweza kupata mifugo inayofaa ya wanyama?

 

JE, NITAPATA SOKO LA BIDHAA?

Je, kuna mtu anataka kununua maziwa yangu, mayai, nyama n.k.? Je, bei hiyo inafaa kujitahidi? Je, ninaweza kushindana na wakulima wengine?

 

WANYAMA WANAHITAJI NINI?

Wakulima wa kilimo-hai hujaribu kupata mifugo yenye afya bora ambayo inaweza kuzalisha kwa kuridhisha kwa muda mrefu. Ili kufikia lengo hili, mahitaji mbalimbali ya wanyama wa shamba lazima izingatiwe:

→ Lishe katika ubora na wingi wa kutosha; kwa wasiocheua: utofauti wa malisho kwa kawaida huhitajika.

→ Upatikanaji wa kutosha wa maji safi ya kunywa.

→ Safisha shehena za ukubwa wa kutosha na zenye mwanga wa kutosha na hewa safi.

→ Uhuru wa kutosha wa kuzunguka na kufanya tabia zao za asili.

→ Hali ya afya na ufuatiliaji wa mifugo, inapohitajika.

→ Mgusano wa kutosha na wanyama wengine, lakini hakuna mkazo kutokana na msongamano.

→ Kwa wanyama wa mifugo: umri unaofaa na mgawanyo wa jinsia ndani ya kundi.

 

Ufugaji wa wanyama haimaanishi tu kulisha chakula cha kikaboni na kuepuka viungio vya chakula na dawa za sanisi (k.m. antibiotics, homoni za kukua), lakini pia kuzingatia kutosheleza mahitaji mbalimbali ya wanyama wa shambani. Afya njema na ustawi wa wanyama ni miongoni mwa malengo makuu. Kuteseka kwa sababu ya ukeketaji, kufungwa kwa kudumu au kutengwa kwa mifugo lazima kuepukwe iwezekanavyo. Kwa sababu mbalimbali, ufugaji wa wanyama bila ardhi (yaani lishe iliyonunuliwa kutoka nje ya shamba, hakuna ardhi ya malisho) hairuhusiwi katika kilimo hai.

 

UFUGE WANYAMA WANGAPI?

Ili kutambua nambari inayofaa kwa aina maalum ya mnyama kwenye shamba, mambo yafuatayo yanapaswa kuzingatiwa:

→ Upatikanaji wa malisho shambani, hasa nyakati za uhaba

     (k.m. kiangazi).

→ Kubeba uwezo wa malisho.

→ Ukubwa wa sheds zilizopo au zilizopangwa.

→ Kiwango cha juu cha samadi shamba linaweza kuzaa.

→ Uwepo wa vibarua kwa ajili ya kuchunga wanyama.

 

Katika nchi za tropiki, wanyama wa shambani mara nyingi hupatikana wakiwa na lishe duni. Wakati wa kufafanua idadi ya wanyama wa shamba, kumbuka kwamba faida ya kiuchumi itakuwa ya juu wakati wanyama wachache wanahifadhiwa, lakini kulishwa vizuri. Si tu kiasi, lakini pia ubora wa chakula inapatikana lazima kuzingatiwa.

 

TIPS za picha:

• Mazoea: hoja ya kutosha

• Lishe: aina mbalimbali, kiasi cha kutosha

• Afya: hali ya usafi

• Matibabu ikihitajika

• Mawasiliano: hakuna kutengwa, sasa kunasongamana

• Mabanda: ya kutosha, nafasi na mwanga

• Maji: ya kutosha na safi

• Mifugo: umri unaofaa na usambazaji wa jinsia

NINI WANYAMA WA SHAMBANI WANAHITAJI -KWA