9 0 HUSBANDARY – 9.6 - HOUSING

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

9 0 HUSBANDARY – 9.6 - HOUSING

The type of shed should be specific to the type of animals to be sheltered. Poultry, for instance, should be housed in sheds that do not get too hot. Contact of the animals with their faeces should be avoided as much as possible.

PLANNING SHEDS

Except for nomadic lifestyles, most farm animals are temporarily kept in sheds. The combination of animal husbandry and farm activities requires control of their movements to avoid damage to crops. For the welfare and health of the animals, sheds must be cool and aerated, and protect from rain.

They should be constructed in a way ensuring:

→ Sufficient space to lie down, stand up, move and express natural behaviour (e.g. licking, scratching etc.).

→ Sufficient light (as a rule, one should be able to read a newspaper in the shed).

→ Protection from sunlight, rain, and extreme temperatures.

→ Sufficient aeration, but no draught.

→ Appropriate beddings (see section below).

→ Elements to exercise natural behaviour (e.g. for poultry: perching rails, sand baths and secluded laying nests).

→ Sheltered pits or heaps to collect and store manure.

For economic reasons, sheds can be built with simple, locally available materials. Many countries have a rich tradition of shed constructions, and have developed the most efficient and appropriate shed systems for the conditions of the region. If techniques of this heritage are combined with the above principles, a locally adapted and at the same time animal friendly system may be obtained.

BEDDINGS

Beddings are materials used in sheds for keeping the floor soft, dry, and clean, which is important for animal health. They absorb the excrements of the animals and need to be re-placed from time to time. Beddings can be of straw, leaves, twigs, husks or other locally available material. They can be replaced daily or kept for several months while adding fresh material on top.

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

9 0 MFUGAJI - 9.6 - MAKAZI

Aina ya banda inapaswa kuwa maalum kwa aina ya wanyama wa kuhifadhiwa. Kuku, kwa mfano, wanapaswa kuwekwa kwenye banda ambalo halipishi joto sana. Mgusano wa wanyama na kinyesi chao unapaswa kuepukwa iwezekanavyo.

BANDA ZA KUPANGA

Isipokuwa kwa maisha ya kuhamahama, wanyama wengi wa shamba huhifadhiwa kwa muda kwenye vibanda. Mchanganyiko wa ufugaji na shughuli za kilimo unahitaji udhibiti wa mienendo yao ili kuepusha uharibifu wa mazao. Kwa ajili ya ustawi na afya ya wanyama, sheds lazima baridi na aerated, na kulinda kutokana na mvua.

Wanapaswa kujengwa kwa njia ya kuhakikisha:

→ Nafasi ya kutosha ya kulala, kusimama, kusogea na kueleza tabia asilia (k.m. kulamba, kukwaruza n.k.).

→ Nuru ya kutosha (kama sheria, mtu anapaswa kuwa na uwezo wa kusoma gazeti katika kumwaga).

→ Ulinzi dhidi ya mwanga wa jua, mvua, na halijoto kali.

→ Upepo wa kutosha, lakini hakuna rasimu.

→ Vitanda vinavyofaa (tazama sehemu hapa chini).

→ Vipengele vya kutekeleza tabia asili (k.m. kwa kuku: reli za kukaa, bafu za mchanga na viota vya kuwekea vilivyotengwa).

→ Mashimo au chungu zilizohifadhiwa za kukusanya na kuhifadhi samadi.

Kwa sababu za kiuchumi, sheds zinaweza kujengwa kwa nyenzo rahisi, zinazopatikana ndani ya nchi. Nchi nyingi zina utamaduni tajiri wa ujenzi wa vibanda, na zimeunda mifumo bora zaidi na inayofaa kwa hali ya eneo hilo. Ikiwa mbinu za urithi huu zimeunganishwa na kanuni zilizo hapo juu, mfumo wa kirafiki uliobadilishwa ndani ya nchi na wakati huo huo unaweza kupatikana.

VITANDA

Matandiko ni nyenzo zinazotumika katika vibanda kwa kuweka sakafu laini, kavu na safi, ambayo ni muhimu kwa afya ya wanyama. Wananyonya kinyesi cha wanyama na wanahitaji kuwekwa tena mara kwa mara. Vitanda vinaweza kuwa vya majani, majani, matawi, maganda au nyenzo nyinginezo zinazopatikana ndani ya nchi. Wanaweza kubadilishwa kila siku au kuwekwa kwa miezi kadhaa huku wakiongeza nyenzo safi juu.

TRADITIONAL SIMPLE SHEDS IN SENEGAL (CATTLE SHED, GOAT SHED, CHICKEN SHED)