9 0 HUSBANDARY – 9.9 - PREVENTION BEFORE CURING

 

 

 ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

9 0 HUSBANDARY – 9.9 - PREVENTION BEFORE CURING

 

Similar as in crop health, organic animal husbandry puts the main emphasis on preventive measures to keep animals healthy, rather than on curative methods. This starts from keeping robust breeds rather than high performing but very susceptible ones. Next, the conditions in which the animals are kept should be optimal ones: sufficient space, light and air, dry and clean bedding, frequent exercise (e.g. grazing) and proper hygiene. 

The quality and quantity of fodder is of crucial importance for the health of the animal.  Instead of feeding commercial concentrates which make animals grow faster and produce more, a natural diet appropriate to the requirements of the animal should be achieved. Where all these preventive measures are taken, animals will rarely fall sick. Veterinary treatment thus should play only a secondary role in organic farming. If treatment is necessary, alternative medicine based on herbal and traditional remedies should be used. Only if these treatments fail or are not sufficient, synthetic medicines (e.g. antibiotics, parasiticides, anaesthetics) may be used; in these cases, the treated animals must be separated from non-treated organic stock and excluded for a period of time (e.g. at least 3 weeks) from organic certification..

The main principal for veterinary treatment in organic animal husbandry is: get to know the causes of (or factors that favour) diseases in order to enhance the natural defence mechanisms of the animal (and to prevent its manifestations in the future).

 

Unlike in crop production, synthetic means are allowed to cure sick animals if alternative treatment is not sufficient. Here, reducing the suffering of the animal is given priority over the renunciation of chemicals. However, the standards of organic agriculture clearly demand that priority is given to management practices which encourage the resistance of the animals thus preventing the outbreak of a disease. Therefore, an outbreak of a disease shall be considered as an indicator that the conditions under which the animal is kept are not ideal. The farmer should try to identify the cause (or causes) of the disease and prevent future outbreaks by changing management practices.

If conventional veterinary medication is applied, withholding periods must be adhered to before the animal products can be sold as “organic”. This shall ensure that organic animal products are free from residues of antibiotics etc. Synthetic growth promoters are not allowed in any case.

 

TIPS on the picture:

STEP 1:

Keeping robust breeds and varieties adapted to the local climate and available fodder

STEP2:

Hygiene, proper diet, enough and clean water, appropriate shed systems, enough move etc.

STEP 3:

Alternative treatments: plant medicine, homeopathics, traditional medicine.

STEP 4:

If nothing else helps: chemical remedies (e.g. antibiotics) can be used

 

FIGURE 9.9 - PREVENTION BEFORE CURING - 

ONLY WHEN ALL PREVENTIVE MEASURES FAIL ANIMALS SHOULD BE TREATED,

PREFERABLY WITH ALTERNATIVE REMEDIES

 

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

9 0 UFUGAJI - 9.9 - KINGA KABLA YA KUTIBU

 

Sawa na afya ya mazao, ufugaji wa wanyama huweka msisitizo mkuu katika hatua za kuzuia ili kuwaweka wanyama wenye afya, badala ya mbinu za tiba. Hii huanza kutokana na kutunza mifugo imara badala ya inayofanya vizuri lakini inayoathiriwa sana. Kisha, hali ambazo wanyama hufugwa zinapaswa kuwa bora zaidi: nafasi ya kutosha, mwanga na hewa, matandiko kavu na safi, mazoezi ya mara kwa mara (k.m. malisho) na usafi sahihi.

Ubora na wingi wa malisho ni muhimu sana kwa afya ya mnyama. Badala ya kulisha vyakula vya kibiashara vinavyofanya wanyama wakue haraka na kuzalisha zaidi, mlo wa asili unaolingana na mahitaji ya mnyama unapaswa kupatikana. Ambapo hatua hizi zote za kuzuia zinachukuliwa, wanyama hawataugua mara chache. Kwa hivyo, matibabu ya mifugo inapaswa kuchukua jukumu la pili katika kilimo hai. Ikiwa matibabu ni muhimu, dawa mbadala kulingana na dawa za mitishamba na za jadi zinapaswa kutumika. Ikiwa tu matibabu haya hayatafaulu au hayatoshi, dawa za syntetisk (k.m. viuavijasumu, viuadudu, dawa za ganzi) zinaweza kutumika; katika hali hizi, wanyama waliotibiwa lazima watenganishwe na hifadhi ya kikaboni isiyotibiwa na kutengwa kwa muda (k.m. angalau wiki 3) kutoka kwa uthibitisho wa kikaboni.

Jambo kuu la matibabu ya mifugo katika ufugaji wa wanyama hai ni: kujua sababu za (au sababu zinazopendelea) magonjwa ili kuimarisha mifumo ya asili ya ulinzi wa mnyama (na kuzuia udhihirisho wake katika siku zijazo).

 

Tofauti na uzalishaji wa mazao, njia za sintetiki zinaruhusiwa kuponya wanyama wagonjwa ikiwa tiba mbadala haitoshi. Hapa, kupunguza mateso ya mnyama hupewa kipaumbele juu ya kukataa kemikali. Hata hivyo, viwango vya kilimo-hai vinadai kwa uwazi kuwa kipaumbele kitolewe kwa mazoea ya usimamizi ambayo yanahimiza upinzani wa wanyama hivyo kuzuia mlipuko wa ugonjwa. Kwa hivyo, mlipuko wa ugonjwa utazingatiwa kama kiashiria kwamba hali ambayo mnyama huhifadhiwa sio bora. Mkulima ajaribu kubaini sababu (au sababu) za ugonjwa na kuzuia milipuko ya siku zijazo kwa kubadilisha mbinu za usimamizi.

Iwapo dawa ya kawaida ya mifugo itatumika, muda wa zuio lazima ufuatwe kabla ya bidhaa za wanyama kuuzwa kama "hai". Hii itahakikisha kwamba bidhaa za wanyama za kikaboni hazina mabaki ya viuavijasumu nk. Vikuzaji vya ukuaji wa syntetisk haviruhusiwi kwa vyovyote vile.

 

TIPS kwenye picha:

HATUA YA 1:

Kutunza mifugo imara na aina zinazoendana na hali ya hewa ya ndani na lishe inayopatikana

HATUA YA 2:

Usafi, lishe bora, maji ya kutosha na safi, mifumo inayofaa ya kumwaga, kusonga kwa kutosha nk.

HATUA YA 3:

Matibabu mbadala: dawa za mimea, homeopathics, dawa za jadi.

HATUA YA 4:

Ikiwa hakuna kitu kingine kinachosaidia: tiba za kemikali (k.m. antibiotics) zinaweza kutumika

KIELELEZO 9.9 - KINGA KABLA YA KUTIBU -

PEKEE WAKATI HATUA ZOTE ZA KUZUIA ZINAPASWA KUTIBIWA, WANYAMA

VEMA NA DAWA MBADALA