8 0 PESTS – 8.1 - AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

8 0 PESTS – 8.1 - AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE 

 

A healthy plant is less vulnerable to pest and disease infestation. Therefore, a major aim for the organic farmer is to create conditions which keep a plant healthy. 

 

The interaction between living organisms and their environment is crucial for a plant‘s health. Plant’s health is more at risk in monocultures and on-farm diversification provide a balanced interaction between different plants and pests and predators. This is why a well-managed ecosystem can be a successful way of reducing the level of pest or disease population. Certain crop varieties have more effective mechanisms than others due to the adaptive nature to the environment and therefore have a lower infection risk.

TIPS in the picture:

NEITHER TOO FEW                         

Not enough light, Low temprature, Shortage of water, Nutrient deficiency

NOR TOO MUCH

Too much sunlight, Strong heat, Water logging, Excess nutrients

FIGURE 8-1 - FACTORS INFLUENCING PLANT HEALTH

 

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

8 0 WADUDU – 8.1 - NA USIMAMIZI WA MAGONJWA KATIKA KILIMO HAI

Mimea yenye afya haiwezi kushambuliwa na wadudu na magonjwa. Kwa hivyo, lengo kuu la mkulima wa kilimo-hai ni kuunda hali ambayo itaweka mmea kuwa na afya.

Mwingiliano kati ya viumbe hai na mazingira yao ni muhimu kwa afya ya mmea. Afya ya mmea iko hatarini zaidi katika kilimo kimoja na mseto kwenye shamba hutoa mwingiliano sawia kati ya mimea tofauti na wadudu na wadudu. Hii ndiyo sababu mfumo ikolojia unaosimamiwa vizuri unaweza kuwa njia yenye mafanikio ya kupunguza kiwango cha wadudu au magonjwa. Aina fulani za mazao zina njia bora zaidi kuliko zingine kwa sababu ya hali ya kuzoea mazingira na kwa hivyo zina hatari ndogo ya kuambukizwa.

TIPS kwenye picha:

WALA WACHACHE SANA

Kutokuwa na mwanga wa kutosha, Halijoto ya chini, Uhaba wa maji, Upungufu wa virutubishi

WALA SANA

Mwanga wa jua mwingi, Joto kali, Kukata maji, Virutubisho kupita kiasi

KIELELEZO 8-1 - MAMBO YANAYOATHIRI AFYA YA MIMEA