8 0 PESTS – 8.5 - TRAPS TO MONITOR INSECT PESTS

 

 ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

8 0 PESTS – 8.5 - TRAPS TO MONITOR INSECT PESTS

 

Scouting avoids unnecessary use of natural plant extracts. Limited use of these substances (e.g. pyrethrum, derris and tobacco) and oils is important as they also have negative effects on beneficial insects. If the application of these substances is not regulated, many pest predators and parasiticides may be killed as well. Over application of these substances may also lead to pests developing resistance. Therefore, scouting should be planned and done in an organised way. It is important to get a random sample that will be representative of the overall situation in the crop garden. Therefore, the scout (farmer) needs to observe and record any of the findings for better decision making. 

The most common pattern in pest and disease scouting programs involves walking along a predetermined zigzag or M-shaped route through a field. This pattern is commonly used because it is easy to teach, convenient to use, and ensures that all regions of the field are visited. To monitor insect pests, different traps can also be used (Figure 8-4 & 8-5). The simple idea is to know more about the presence of the insect pests in the field especially the fast moving (mobile) insect pests (e.g. fruit flies, lepidopteran pests). 

Ø Fruit flies can be captured using bait traps. For example, PE-bottles with small holes can be half-filled with water, some cattle urine, fruit flesh or a small dead fish and a drop of detergent or soapy water. These bottles are then hung in trees and checked every three days. 

 

Ø Yellow plastic cards coated with adhesive are also good for trapping aphids and leafhopper. Yellow-orange plastic boards are appropriate for white flies, while blue cards are appropriate for thrips monitoring. 

 

Ø Light traps are especially needed where noctuid’s (e.g. moths, cutworms, African armyworm, and cotton bollworm) are a problem. Within crops attacked by cutworms, visual checks of caterpillars have to be done by dawn.

 

TEXT in the picture:   TRAPS TO MONITOR INSECT PESTS

·         blue / yellow sticky traps à pest insects ; pheromone trap  à pest insects    

·         homemade trap à fruit flies; light trap à noctuid’s

 

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

8 0 WADUDU – 8.5 - MITEGO YA KUFUATILIA WADUDU WADUDU

Kuchunguza huepuka matumizi yasiyo ya lazima ya dondoo za asili za mimea. Utumiaji mdogo wa dutu hizi (k.m. pareto, derris na tumbaku) na mafuta ni muhimu kwani pia zina athari mbaya kwa wadudu wenye faida. Ikiwa uwekaji wa dutu hizi hautadhibitiwa, wadudu wengi waharibifu na viua wadudu wanaweza kuuawa pia. Utumiaji mwingi wa dutu hizi pia unaweza kusababisha wadudu kukuza upinzani. Kwa hivyo, skauti inapaswa kupangwa na kufanywa kwa njia iliyopangwa. Ni muhimu kupata sampuli ya random ambayo itakuwa mwakilishi wa hali ya jumla katika bustani ya mazao. Kwa hiyo, skauti (mkulima) anahitaji kuchunguza na kurekodi matokeo yoyote kwa ajili ya kufanya maamuzi bora.

Mchoro unaojulikana zaidi katika programu za kupeleleza wadudu na magonjwa huhusisha kutembea kwenye njia ya zigzag iliyoamuliwa mapema au njia yenye umbo la M kupitia shamba. Mchoro huu hutumiwa kwa kawaida kwa sababu ni rahisi kufundisha, rahisi kutumia, na huhakikisha kuwa maeneo yote ya uwanja yametembelewa. Ili kufuatilia wadudu, mitego tofauti pia inaweza kutumika (Mchoro 8-4 & 8-5). Wazo rahisi ni kujua zaidi juu ya uwepo wa wadudu waharibifu shambani hasa wadudu wanaotembea kwa kasi (mkononi) (k.m. nzi wa matunda, wadudu wa lepidopteran).

 Nzi wa matunda wanaweza kunaswa kwa kutumia mitego ya chambo. Kwa mfano, chupa za PE zilizo na mashimo madogo zinaweza kujazwa nusu na maji, mkojo wa ng'ombe, nyama ya matunda au samaki mdogo aliyekufa na tone la sabuni au maji ya sabuni. Chupa hizi zinatundikwa kwenye miti na kukaguliwa kila baada ya siku tatu.

 Kadi za plastiki za manjano zilizopakwa kwa gundi pia ni nzuri kwa kunasa aphids na leafhopper. Bodi za plastiki za manjano-machungwa zinafaa kwa nzi weupe, wakati kadi za bluu zinafaa kwa ufuatiliaji wa thrips.

 Mitego nyepesi inahitajika hasa pale ambapo noctuid (k.m. nondo, minyoo, viwavijeshi wa Kiafrika, na funza wa pamba) ni tatizo. Ndani ya mimea iliyoshambuliwa na minyoo, ukaguzi wa kuona wa viwavi lazima ufanyike alfajiri.

MAANDIKO katika picha: MITEGO YA KUFUATILIA WADUDU WADUDU

• mitego ya kunata ya bluu/njano  wadudu waharibifu; mtego wa pheromone  wadudu waharibifu

• mtego wa kujitengenezea nyumbani  nzi wa matunda; mtego mwepesi  noctuid’s