6 TOMATOES - 6.77 – COST PER ACRE

 ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY      

6 TOMATOES - 6.77 – COST PER ACRE 

 
1. Leasing Land Amount COST TOTAL COST
(Kshs.)
                       
1 Acre/3 Seasons 10,000.00/            33,333.33
2. Entrances
  Fertilizer D.A.P 200kg 70.00          14,000.00
  N.P.K 200kg               70.00            14,000.00
  C.A.N 200kg               70.00            14,000.00
  Chemicals
Result 1 liter                                             920.00
  Redomil Gold 1kg                                  900.00
  Thunder 1liter                                   6,000.00
  Dynamic 1liter                                     1,200.00
  Calmax 5liter                                     3,500.00
  Omex 2.5 liter                                    3,000.00
 
Fertilizer 8 tons 600.00                      4,800.00
  Transportation                                  5,000.00
Plant
Plants 11,000 pieces 2.00                  22,000.00
  Transportation                                  4,000.00
 
3. Capital investment
  2" high pressure pump
  1pc                             15,000.00       15,000.00
  2" PVC pipes + connectors
  – 20 pcs                       1,500.00        30,000.00
  Harvest boxes 6pcs     600.00          3,600.00
 
4. Work
  Ploughing ––           6,000.00       6,000.00
  Plants                        6,000.00         6,000.00
  Weeding 2 times        5,000.00       10,000.00
  Fertilizer Application 2,000.00         2,000.00
  Chemical
  Application –            5,000.00           5,000.00
  Staking And Pruning 4,000.00         4,000.00
  Irrigation –               10,000.00       10,000.00
 
5. Fuel –                    10,000.00       10,000.00
6. Transportation –   10,000.00       10,000.00
7. Advice –                  45,000.00      45,000.00
7. Other costs            15,000.00       15,000.00
 
TOTAL COST VARIATION 268,253.33
= ±50,000.00
 
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KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 - 6.77 – GHARAMA KWA EKARI
 
 
1. Kiasi cha Kukodisha Ardhi GHARAMA YA JUMLA
(Ksh.)
 
Ekari 1/3 Misimu         10,000.00/      33,333.33
2. Viingilio
 Mbolea D.A.P 200kg 70.00              14,000.00
 N.P.K 200kg              70.00              14,000.00
 C.A.N 200kg              70.00              14,000.00
 Kemikali
Matokeo lita 1                                   920.00
 Redomil Gold 1kg                             900.00
 Ngurumo 1lita                                  6,000.00
 Nguvu 1lita                                       1,200.00
 Calmax 5lita                                      3,500.00
 Omex 2.5 lita                                                3,000.00
 
Mbolea tani 8            600.00            4,800.00
 Usafiri                                               5,000.00
Panda
Mimea vipande          11,000 2.00     22,000.00
 Usafiri                                               4,000.00
 
3. Uwekezaji wa mitaji
 2" pampu ya shinikizo la juu
 1pc                             15,000.00       15,000.00
 2" mabomba ya PVC + viunganishi
 – pcs 20                     1,500.00         30,000.00
 Masanduku ya mavuno
6pcs    600.00            3,600.00
 
4. Kazi
 Kulima ––                  6,000.00        6,000.00
 Mimea                       6,000.00        6,000.00
 Palizi 2 mara              5,000.00         10,000.00
 Maombi ya Mbolea 2,000.00         2,000.00
 Kemikali
 Maombi -                   5,000.00         5,000.00
 Staking Na Kupogoa 4,000.00       4,000.00
 Umwagiliaji –            10,000.00       10,000.00
 
5. Mafuta -                  10,000.00       10,000.00
6. Usafiri -                   10,000.00       10,000.00
7. Ushauri -                 45,000.00      45,000.00
7. Gharama zingine   15,000.00       15,000.00
 
JUMLA YA GHARAMA 268,253.33
= ± 50,000.00

6 TOMATOES - 6.76 – DIFFERENT INFOS

 
 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY      
6 TOMATOES - 6.76 – DIFFERENT INFOS

 
TOMATOES (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Tomatoes are fruit vegetables widely grown in Kenya. The ripe fruit may be eaten raw, cooked or processed to make tomato sauces, juices and pastes.
Ecological Requirements
•Altitude: 0-2100 m above sea level.
•Rainfall: 700-1300 mm per annum.
•Soils: deep, fertile and well drained.
 
Varieties
•Fresh market varieties: Money maker, Marglobe, hundred fold, Beef eater, Hot set, Super marmande Ponderosa.
•Processing varieties: Kenya beauty, San -marzano, Roma, Heinz 13S0, Primabel, Rutgers hybrid
 
Nursery Practices
Choose a site which has not been grown Solanaceae crop in the last three years. Nursery beds are raised about 15cm above the ground level. Make drills (holes) of 20cm apart and 1cm deep drill and cover the seeds. Provide shade or mulch material. Water (irrigate) twice a day. Apply phosphatic fertilizers during planting.
Seedbed Preparation.
The land should be dug deeply to control weeds. Transplanting
 Seedlings are ready for transplanting when they are 10-15cm high after about one month.
Holes are made at a spacing of 60cm x 90cm. Apply 20gm of DSP in the planting hole. Transplant with a ball of soil around the roots. Apply mulch around each seedling. Transplanting is normally in the evening or on a cloudy day.
Field Management Practises.
•Early control of weeds is necessary. Top dressing is done after crop establishes. •Pruning and staking are done to train the plants to grow vertically.
 
Pests Control
•American Bollworm bores holes on the fruits. It should be controlled by spraying insecticides.
•Tobacco White Fly sucks plant sap from the underside of the leaf, hence may transmit viral diseases. It should be controlled by destroying the infected plant and spray insecticides.
 
Disease Control
•Late Blight is caused by Fungus. Symptoms includes dry patches on the leaves and fruits. It should be controlled , best is crop rotation and destruction of affected materials.
•Blossom-end Rot is caused by too much nitrogen in early stages and Irregular or infrequent watering.
•Calcium deficiency can be controlled by applying calcium ammonium nitrate.
Harvesting
•For canning. Fruits should be fully ripe.
•For fresh market. Fruits should be partially ripe and packed in crates to avoid damage. The fruits should be graded according to; size, colour, ripeness, free from blemishes.
 



KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 - 6.76 - TAARIFA TOFAUTI
 
NYANYA (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Nyanya ni mboga za matunda zinazokuzwa sana nchini Kenya. Matunda yaliyoiva yanaweza kuliwa yakiwa mabichi, kupikwa au kusindikwa ili kutengeneza michuzi ya nyanya, juisi na pastes.
Mahitaji ya Kiikolojia
•Muinuko: 0-2100 m juu ya usawa wa bahari.
•Mvua: 7S0-1300 mm kwa mwaka.
•Udongo: wenye kina kirefu, wenye rutuba na usio na maji.
Aina mbalimbali
•Aina mpya za soko: Money maker, Marglobe, mara mia, Mla nyama, Hot set, Super marmande Ponderosa.
•Aina za usindikaji: Kenya beauty, San -marzano, Roma, Heinz 13S0, Primabel, Rutgers hybrid
Mazoezi ya Kitalu
Chagua tovuti ambayo haijapandwa mmea wa Solanaceae katika miaka mitatu iliyopita. Vitanda vya kitalu vimeinuliwa karibu 15cm kutoka usawa wa ardhi. Tengeneza mashimo (mashimo) ya 20cm kutoka kwa umbali na 1cm kina na kufunika mbegu. Kutoa nyenzo za kivuli au matandazo. Maji (mwagilia) mara mbili kwa siku. Weka mbolea ya fosforasi wakati wa kupanda.
Maandalizi ya Kitanda cha Mbegu.
Ardhi inapaswa kuchimbwa kwa kina ili kudhibiti magugu. Kupandikiza
  Miche iko tayari kuatikwa ikiwa ina urefu wa 10-15cm baada ya mwezi mmoja hivi.
Mashimo hufanywa kwa nafasi ya 60cm x 90cm. Weka 20gm ya DSP kwenye shimo la kupandia. Pandikiza na mpira wa udongo kuzunguka mizizi. Weka matandazo kuzunguka kila mche. Kupandikiza kawaida hufanyika jioni au siku ya mawingu.
Mazoezi ya Usimamizi wa shamba.
•Udhibiti wa mapema wa magugu ni muhimu. Mavazi ya juu hufanywa baada ya mazao kuanzishwa. •Kupogoa na kuweka mshikamano hufanywa ili kutoa mafunzo kwa mimea kukua kwa wima.
Udhibiti wa Wadudu
•Bollworm wa Marekani hutoboa mashimo kwenye matunda. Inapaswa kudhibitiwa kwa kunyunyizia viua wadudu.
•Tobacco White Fly hufyonza utomvu wa mmea kutoka chini ya jani, hivyo basi huweza kuambukiza magonjwa ya virusi. Inapaswa kudhibitiwa kwa kuharibu mmea ulioambukizwa na kunyunyizia dawa za wadudu.
Udhibiti wa Magonjwa
•Late Blight husababishwa na Kuvu. Dalili ni pamoja na mabaka kavu kwenye majani na matunda. Inapaswa kudhibitiwa, bora ni mzunguko wa mazao na uharibifu wa nyenzo zilizoathirika.
•Blossom-end Rot husababishwa na nitrojeni nyingi katika hatua za awali na kumwagilia maji kwa utaratibu au mara kwa mara.
•Upungufu wa kalsiamu unaweza kudhibitiwa kwa kutumia calcium ammonium nitrate.
Kuvuna
•Kwa ajili ya kuweka makopo. Matunda yanapaswa kukomaa kabisa.
•Kwa soko jipya. Matunda yanapaswa kuwa yameiva na kufungwa kwenye masanduku ili kuepuka uharibifu. Matunda yanapaswa kupangwa kulingana na; ukubwa, rangi, ukomavu, usio na mawaa.

 

6 TOMATOES - 6.78 – EPSOM SALT FOR TOMATOE PLANTS

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY      

6 TOMATOES - 6.78 – EPSOM SALT FOR TOMATOE PLANTS

When to Use Epsom Salts for Tomato Plants—and When Not

Epsom salts are a popular fix for different plant problems, but whether you can use them for tomatoes depends on a very specific issue.

Sweet, juicy tomatoes are summer’s prize—in a fresh green salad, layered with basil and mozzarella and drizzled with balsamic, and on a simple slice of sourdough. So, if your tomato plants aren’t producing the bumper crop you expected, you might be tempted to nourish them with Epsom salt, a gardener’s secret weapon. 

When applied correctly, Epsom salt can help plants absorb nutrients so they grow stronger and may help control powdery mildew and other fungal diseases. Epsom salt is known to help boost flower size, promote bushier plants, improve seed germination, and increase fruit production. 

Magnesium and sulfur are the star players in Epsom salt, according to Carrie Spoonemore, co-creator of Park Seed’s From Seed to Spoon app. They fuel plant protein photosynthesis and enzyme function, and without enough of them, plant leaves may yellow and grow poorly. 

Plants thought to benefit from Epsom salt include tomatoes, under the right circumstance; roses, which gain healthy blooms and greener leaves; peppers, which enjoy stronger roots and improved fruit development; citrus trees, which get greater fruit production and less yellowing of leaves; some houseplants, and some lawns when used as a fertilizer supplement.

 

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

NYANYA 6 - 6.78 – CHUMVI YA EPSOM KWA MIMEA YA NYANYA

Wakati wa Kutumia Chumvi ya Epsom kwa Mimea ya Nyanya—na Wakati Sivyo

 

Chumvi za Epsom ni suluhisho maarufu kwa shida tofauti za mmea, lakini ikiwa unaweza kuzitumia kwa nyanya inategemea suala mahususi.

Nyanya tamu, yenye juisi ni zawadi ya majira ya joto-katika saladi safi ya kijani, iliyotiwa na basil na mozzarella na iliyotiwa na balsamu, na kwenye kipande rahisi cha chachu. Kwa hivyo, ikiwa mimea yako ya nyanya haitoi mazao mengi uliyotarajia, unaweza kujaribiwa kuilisha kwa chumvi ya Epsom, silaha ya siri ya mtunza bustani.

Inapowekwa vizuri, chumvi ya Epsom inaweza kusaidia mimea kufyonza virutubisho ili ikue na kuwa na nguvu na inaweza kusaidia kudhibiti ukungu na magonjwa mengine ya ukungu. Chumvi ya Epsom inajulikana kusaidia kuongeza ukubwa wa maua, kukuza mimea ya bushier, kuboresha uotaji wa mbegu, na kuongeza uzalishaji wa matunda.

Magnesiamu na salfa ndizo wachezaji nyota katika chumvi ya Epsom, kulingana na Carrie Spoonemore, mtayarishaji mwenza wa programu ya Park Seed's From Seed to Spoon. Wao huchochea photosynthesis ya protini ya mimea na kazi ya enzyme, na bila ya kutosha yao, majani ya mimea yanaweza njano na kukua vibaya.

Mimea inayofikiriwa kufaidika na chumvi ya Epsom ni pamoja na nyanya, chini ya hali inayofaa; roses, ambayo hupata blooms afya na majani ya kijani; pilipili, ambayo hufurahia mizizi yenye nguvu na kuboresha maendeleo ya matunda; miti ya machungwa, ambayo hupata uzalishaji mkubwa wa matunda na njano kidogo ya majani; baadhi ya mimea ya ndani, na baadhi ya nyasi zinapotumika kama nyongeza ya mbolea.

 

6 TOMATOES - 6.75 – PRODUCTION GUIDE

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   

6 TOMATOES - 6.75 – PRODUCTION GUIDE

 

SPACING

In row 30-35 cm, Interrow 1.5 m

DETERMINATE VARIETIES

Ultra quick, Star 9008, Zandra, Jam type/ oval shaped, Star 9062, Star 9063 Semi; Star 9009, 9011 (round), Star 9064, 9065 (jam)

INDETERMINATE

Round Star 9030; star 9037; Trinity; Star 9081, 9082 (saladette type)

Plant Marigold between the tomatoes and garlic around them

FERTILIZER:

use manure 3 month before planting in a whole on 30 to 30 cm

 

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

 6 NYANYA- 6.75 – MWONGOZO WA UZALISHAJI

NAFASI

Katika mstari wa 30-35 cm, Interrow 1.5 m

AMUA AINA

Haraka sana, Star 9008, Zandra, Jam aina/ umbo la mviringo, Star 9062, Star 9063 Semi; Star 9009, 9011 (pande zote), Star 9064, 9065 (jam)

INDETERMINATE

Nyota ya pande zote 9030; nyota 9037; Utatu; Nyota 9081, 9082 (aina ya saladi)

Panda Marigold kati ya nyanya na vitunguu karibu nao

MBOLEA:

tumia samadi miezi 3 kabla ya kupanda kwa urefu wa cm 30 hadi 30

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6 TREE TOMATOE – 6.100 - QUESTIONS BEFORE YOU START

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   

6 TREE TOMATOE – 6.100 - QUESTIONS BEFORE YOU START

 

Before venturing into tree tomato farming in Kenya there are some of the questions you have been asking yourself

Areas where tree tomato farming is done in Kenya?

How much tree tomatoes can one acre of land produce?

How to start a tree tomato farm

How profitable is tree tomato farming in Kenya.

Tree tomato pests and diseases in Kenya

What is the best fertilizer for tree tomato farming?

Which is the best month for growing tree tomatoes?

How long does it take for tree tomatoes to mature?

What is the market for tree tomatoes in Kenya?

Tree tomato varieties in Kenya

 

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

NYANYA YA MTI 6 – 6.100 - MASWALI KABLA HUJAANZA

 

Kabla ya kujitosa katika kilimo cha nyanya za miti nchini Kenya kuna baadhi ya maswali ambayo umekuwa ukijiuliza

Maeneo ambayo kilimo cha nyanya za miti hufanywa nchini Kenya?

Ekari moja ya ardhi inaweza kutoa nyanya ngapi za miti?

Jinsi ya kuanza shamba la nyanya za miti

Kilimo cha nyanya za miti kina faida gani nchini Kenya.

Wadudu na magonjwa ya nyanya za miti nchini Kenya

Je, ni mbolea gani bora kwa kilimo cha nyanya za miti?

Je, ni mwezi gani mzuri wa kupanda nyanya za miti?

Je, huchukua muda gani kwa nyanya za miti kukomaa?

Je, soko la nyanya za miti nchini Kenya likoje?

Aina za nyanya za miti nchini Kenya

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6 TUMERIC – 6.180 - TURMERIC GROWING

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

6 TUMERIC – 6.180 - TURMERIC GROWING

BOTANICAL NAME: Curcuma domestica syn. Curcuma longa

COMMON NAMES: turmeric; Indian saffron; ukon; nghe; wong-keong

FAMILY: Zingiberaceae, the ginger family

PLANT DESCRIPTION

Turmeric is native to the monsoon forests of southeast Asia. It is a perennial herb to 1 m tall with underground rhizomes. It produces tall, very beautiful, white flower spikes if clumps are left undisturbed for a year. The flower is so attractive that it is worth growing for this alone. It requires a well-drained soil, frost-free climate, and 1000 to 2000 mm of rain annually or supplementary irrigation.

Best will be a SUBSURFACE DRIP SYSTEM FROM OUR T-TAPE between both lines.

It thrives best on loamy or alluvial fertile soils and cannot stand waterlogging. Heavy shade will reduce the yield, but light shade is beneficial.

USES

Ground turmeric comprises 25% of curry powder and is used to give it a yellow colour. The harvested rhizomes are boiled and sun-dried for 7-8 days but can be used fresh. It is also used as a yellow food dye, replacing tetrazine. Leaves wrapped around fish flavour it during cooking. In Indonesia, the young shoots and rhizome tips are eaten raw.

PLANTING DETAILS

Plant turmeric in September or October, into a warm soil. The rhizomes should be planted 5-7 cm deep. It is often planted on ridges, usually about 30-45 cm apart and with 15-30 cm between plants. The crop is planted by setts (small rhizomes) with one or two buds. Approximately 1,700 kg of sets are required to one hectare. Expected yield would be 13 to 35 tonnes/ha of fresh turmeric. In cooler areas turmeric can be grown in glasshouses. Like all herbaceous perennials clumps of turmeric need to be broken up and fresh pieces planted every 3 to 4 years.

HARVEST

Rhizomes are harvested 9 to 10 months after planting, the lower leaves turning yellow or stems drying and falling over are indications of maturity. It is possible for the home gardener to just dig carefully at the side of a clump and remove rhizomes as needed rather than harvesting the whole clump.

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

6 TUMERIC – 6.180 - TURMERIC GROWING

JINA LA BOTANIC: Curcuma domestica syn. Curcuma longa

MAJINA YA KAWAIDA: manjano; zafarani ya Hindi; ukon; nghe; wong-keong

FAMILIA: Zingiberaceae, familia ya tangawizi

MAELEZO YA MIMEA

Turmeric ni asili ya misitu ya monsuni ya kusini mashariki mwa Asia. Ni mimea ya kudumu hadi 1 m kwa urefu na rhizomes chini ya ardhi. Hutoa miiba mirefu, mizuri sana ya maua meupe ikiwa mashada yataachwa bila kusumbuliwa kwa mwaka mmoja. Maua yanavutia sana kwamba inafaa kukua kwa hili peke yake. Inahitaji udongo usio na unyevu, hali ya hewa isiyo na baridi, na 1000 hadi 2000 mm za mvua kila mwaka au umwagiliaji wa ziada.

Bora zaidi itakuwa SUBSURFACE DRIP SYSTEM KUTOKA KWA T-TAPE YETU kati ya mistari yote miwili.

Inastawi vyema kwenye udongo tifutifu au wenye rutuba ya alluvial na haiwezi kustahimili mafuriko. Kivuli kizito kitapunguza mavuno, lakini kivuli nyepesi kinafaa.

MATUMIZI

Turmeric ya ardhini inajumuisha 25% ya unga wa curry na hutumiwa kuipa rangi ya njano. Mimea iliyovunwa huchemshwa na kukaushwa kwa jua kwa siku 7-8 lakini inaweza kutumika ikiwa mbichi. Pia hutumiwa kama rangi ya njano ya chakula, kuchukua nafasi ya tetrazine. Majani yaliyofunikwa karibu na samaki yana ladha wakati wa kupikia. Huko Indonesia, shina mchanga na vidokezo vya rhizome huliwa mbichi.

 MAELEZO YA KUPANDA

Panda turmeric mnamo Septemba au Oktoba, kwenye udongo wenye joto. Mizizi inapaswa kupandwa kwa kina cha cm 5-7. Mara nyingi hupandwa kwenye matuta, kwa kawaida umbali wa cm 30-45 na kwa cm 15-30 kati ya mimea. Mazao hupandwa na seti (rhizomes ndogo) na buds moja au mbili. Takriban kilo 1,700 za seti zinahitajika kwa hekta moja. Mavuno yanayotarajiwa yatakuwa tani 13 hadi 35 kwa hekta ya manjano safi. Katika maeneo yenye baridi, manjano yanaweza kupandwa kwenye nyumba za glasi. Kama mimea yote ya kudumu ya mimea, mashada ya manjano yanahitaji kuvunjwa na vipande vipya kupandwa kila baada ya miaka 3 hadi 4.

MAVUNO

Rhizomes huvunwa miezi 9 hadi 10 baada ya kupanda, majani ya chini kugeuka njano au shina kukauka na kuanguka juu ni dalili za kukomaa. Inawezekana kwa mtunza bustani ya nyumbani kuchimba kwa uangalifu kando ya kichaka na kuondoa vizizi inavyohitajika badala ya kuvuna bonge zima.

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        ATLAS DEVELOPMENT S.A.R.L 

Ronald Hauck CEO (German) 

KENYA KISUMU MILIMANI WhatsApp in Kenya +254 769 396 680

don.ronaldo@gmx.de 

Consultant for business, organic farming, and general buildings.