6 TOMATOES - 6.76 – DIFFERENT INFOS

 
 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY      
6 TOMATOES - 6.76 – DIFFERENT INFOS

 
TOMATOES (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Tomatoes are fruit vegetables widely grown in Kenya. The ripe fruit may be eaten raw, cooked or processed to make tomato sauces, juices and pastes.
Ecological Requirements
•Altitude: 0-2100 m above sea level.
•Rainfall: 700-1300 mm per annum.
•Soils: deep, fertile and well drained.
 
Varieties
•Fresh market varieties: Money maker, Marglobe, hundred fold, Beef eater, Hot set, Super marmande Ponderosa.
•Processing varieties: Kenya beauty, San -marzano, Roma, Heinz 13S0, Primabel, Rutgers hybrid
 
Nursery Practices
Choose a site which has not been grown Solanaceae crop in the last three years. Nursery beds are raised about 15cm above the ground level. Make drills (holes) of 20cm apart and 1cm deep drill and cover the seeds. Provide shade or mulch material. Water (irrigate) twice a day. Apply phosphatic fertilizers during planting.
Seedbed Preparation.
The land should be dug deeply to control weeds. Transplanting
 Seedlings are ready for transplanting when they are 10-15cm high after about one month.
Holes are made at a spacing of 60cm x 90cm. Apply 20gm of DSP in the planting hole. Transplant with a ball of soil around the roots. Apply mulch around each seedling. Transplanting is normally in the evening or on a cloudy day.
Field Management Practises.
•Early control of weeds is necessary. Top dressing is done after crop establishes. •Pruning and staking are done to train the plants to grow vertically.
 
Pests Control
•American Bollworm bores holes on the fruits. It should be controlled by spraying insecticides.
•Tobacco White Fly sucks plant sap from the underside of the leaf, hence may transmit viral diseases. It should be controlled by destroying the infected plant and spray insecticides.
 
Disease Control
•Late Blight is caused by Fungus. Symptoms includes dry patches on the leaves and fruits. It should be controlled , best is crop rotation and destruction of affected materials.
•Blossom-end Rot is caused by too much nitrogen in early stages and Irregular or infrequent watering.
•Calcium deficiency can be controlled by applying calcium ammonium nitrate.
Harvesting
•For canning. Fruits should be fully ripe.
•For fresh market. Fruits should be partially ripe and packed in crates to avoid damage. The fruits should be graded according to; size, colour, ripeness, free from blemishes.
 



KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 - 6.76 - TAARIFA TOFAUTI
 
NYANYA (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Nyanya ni mboga za matunda zinazokuzwa sana nchini Kenya. Matunda yaliyoiva yanaweza kuliwa yakiwa mabichi, kupikwa au kusindikwa ili kutengeneza michuzi ya nyanya, juisi na pastes.
Mahitaji ya Kiikolojia
•Muinuko: 0-2100 m juu ya usawa wa bahari.
•Mvua: 7S0-1300 mm kwa mwaka.
•Udongo: wenye kina kirefu, wenye rutuba na usio na maji.
Aina mbalimbali
•Aina mpya za soko: Money maker, Marglobe, mara mia, Mla nyama, Hot set, Super marmande Ponderosa.
•Aina za usindikaji: Kenya beauty, San -marzano, Roma, Heinz 13S0, Primabel, Rutgers hybrid
Mazoezi ya Kitalu
Chagua tovuti ambayo haijapandwa mmea wa Solanaceae katika miaka mitatu iliyopita. Vitanda vya kitalu vimeinuliwa karibu 15cm kutoka usawa wa ardhi. Tengeneza mashimo (mashimo) ya 20cm kutoka kwa umbali na 1cm kina na kufunika mbegu. Kutoa nyenzo za kivuli au matandazo. Maji (mwagilia) mara mbili kwa siku. Weka mbolea ya fosforasi wakati wa kupanda.
Maandalizi ya Kitanda cha Mbegu.
Ardhi inapaswa kuchimbwa kwa kina ili kudhibiti magugu. Kupandikiza
  Miche iko tayari kuatikwa ikiwa ina urefu wa 10-15cm baada ya mwezi mmoja hivi.
Mashimo hufanywa kwa nafasi ya 60cm x 90cm. Weka 20gm ya DSP kwenye shimo la kupandia. Pandikiza na mpira wa udongo kuzunguka mizizi. Weka matandazo kuzunguka kila mche. Kupandikiza kawaida hufanyika jioni au siku ya mawingu.
Mazoezi ya Usimamizi wa shamba.
•Udhibiti wa mapema wa magugu ni muhimu. Mavazi ya juu hufanywa baada ya mazao kuanzishwa. •Kupogoa na kuweka mshikamano hufanywa ili kutoa mafunzo kwa mimea kukua kwa wima.
Udhibiti wa Wadudu
•Bollworm wa Marekani hutoboa mashimo kwenye matunda. Inapaswa kudhibitiwa kwa kunyunyizia viua wadudu.
•Tobacco White Fly hufyonza utomvu wa mmea kutoka chini ya jani, hivyo basi huweza kuambukiza magonjwa ya virusi. Inapaswa kudhibitiwa kwa kuharibu mmea ulioambukizwa na kunyunyizia dawa za wadudu.
Udhibiti wa Magonjwa
•Late Blight husababishwa na Kuvu. Dalili ni pamoja na mabaka kavu kwenye majani na matunda. Inapaswa kudhibitiwa, bora ni mzunguko wa mazao na uharibifu wa nyenzo zilizoathirika.
•Blossom-end Rot husababishwa na nitrojeni nyingi katika hatua za awali na kumwagilia maji kwa utaratibu au mara kwa mara.
•Upungufu wa kalsiamu unaweza kudhibitiwa kwa kutumia calcium ammonium nitrate.
Kuvuna
•Kwa ajili ya kuweka makopo. Matunda yanapaswa kukomaa kabisa.
•Kwa soko jipya. Matunda yanapaswa kuwa yameiva na kufungwa kwenye masanduku ili kuepuka uharibifu. Matunda yanapaswa kupangwa kulingana na; ukubwa, rangi, ukomavu, usio na mawaa.