6 TOMATOES – 6.57 - AILMENTS AND FIXES FOR THEM

 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
6 TOMATOES – 6.57 - AILMENTS AND FIXES FOR THEM

 
Many of you have started your Tomatoes inside, and already planted them in the Garden, or almost ready to. For the ones that had them in the Garden, If you had any issues with your tomatoes the last year or two, then this info and chart will be helpful. It is important to be able to identify and treat the common Tomato plant ailments that might crop up.
 
1)BLOSSOM END ROT
This is one of the most common ailments, and you can tell if your plants have it by looking at where Tomatoes attach to vine. If the attachment appears brown and leathery between the size of a dime and quarter, then that Tomato has Blossom End Rot.
 
TO TREAT
You will have to take all the Tomatoes off the plants that are affected and dispose of them. If you don't, it will spread and to all of them. Calcium is required in relatively large concentrations for normal cell growth. When a rapidly growing fruit is deprived of calcium, the tissues break down, leaving the characteristic lesion at the blossom end. Blossom-end rot develops when the fruit's demand for calcium exceeds the supply in the soil. This may result from low calcium levels in the soil, drought stress, excessive soil moisture, and/or fluctuations due to rain or over watering. Lime (unless the soil is already alkaline), composted manures or bone meal will supply calcium.
 
2) BLIGHT
There are 3 stages of Blight. Early Blight is black and grey spots on the leaves when Tomatoes are young. Southern Blight is black and grey spots by stem and roots of the tomato plant. Late Blight gets out of hand, and is black and grey spots throughout the leaves, vines, and tomatoes.
 
TO TREAT
The easiest way is to treat it in it's early stages by removing the parts of the Tomato plants that are infected. If you do not notice it until the later stages of Blight, you will need to buy an anti-fungal treatment, or you can make an organic one from home.
 
3) CATERPILLARS
They love to feed on Tomato plants and should be taken care of right away.
 
TO TREAT
There are many treatments available to fight against caterpillar infestations at your local garden store, but you can make your own safe organic remedies at home. An Apple Cider Vinegar spray can be used to keep them away. You can also plant French Marigolds by your Tomatoes to help deter from coming around.
 
4) FRUIT SPLITTING
This can occur when it is dry, and then you get some heavy rains, or most frequently when there is sudden growth in the tomato plant. It doesn't hurt the Tomatoes, or affect you eating them, they just don't look good after that.
TO TREAT-
If it occurs early in the Tomato plants growth phase, it can be reversed. Just water and apply nutrients, as normal, so there's no too dry too wet cycle. If it happens near harvest, it can't be reversed.
 
5) RED SPIDER MITES
They are hard to spot, and usually are under your leaves. If you notice cobwebs on your Tomato plants, then you have them.
 
TO TREAT
You can always buy treatments at the store to take care of them, but better to make your own organic Apple Cider Vinegar spray, soap spray, or Onion and Garlic spray. Coriander, Dill, and Chrysanthemums are good to plant to deter them.
 
6) WILT
It is a fungal infection that starts in the roots, and blocks most of the water and nutrients from getting to the plant. It usually causes no problems until Tomatoes are growing on the vines. You will first see yellowing and drying of lower leaves, and then whole plant will wilt during hottest period of day. It will recover some at night, but then wilt again next day.
 
TO TREAT--There really is no treatment when you get wilt that I know of. It is in the soil, so the next time you grow Tomatoes, pick a different spot in the Garden to grow them. It will deprive the Wilt of a host, and it will die out over the next year. Grow seedlings inside in clean soil before transplanting in Spring, and then make sure to pull all weeds that pop up around them.
 
7) SUN SCORCH
The skin of your Tomatoes will looked bruised and sunken. It sometimes happens when your Tomatoes get too much sun exposure during a real dry and hot period.
 
TO TREAT
Don't do any pruning of leaves during hot periods. The extra leaves will shield the Tomatoes. You can also use shade cloth to cover them during these periods Once they get Sun Scorch, you cannot do anything for the affected fruit, but you can provide shade for the unaffected ones.
 
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KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 – 6.57 - MARADHI NA MADHUBUTI KWAO
 
Wengi wenu mmeanzisha Nyanya zenu ndani, na tayari mmezipanda kwenye Bustani, au karibu tayari. Kwa wale waliokuwa nazo kwenye Bustani, Ikiwa ulikuwa na matatizo yoyote na nyanya zako mwaka mmoja au miwili iliyopita, basi maelezo na chati hii zitakusaidia. Ni muhimu kuweza kutambua na kutibu magonjwa ya kawaida ya mmea wa Nyanya ambayo yanaweza kutokea.
 
1)UOZO WA MAUA MWISHO
Hii ni moja ya magonjwa ya kawaida, na unaweza kujua ikiwa mimea yako ina kwa kuangalia mahali ambapo Nyanya hushikamana na mzabibu. Ikiwa kiambatisho kinaonekana kahawia na ngozi kati ya ukubwa wa dime na robo, basi Nyanya hiyo ina Blossom End Rot.
 
KUTIBU
Utalazimika kuchukua Nyanya zote kutoka kwa mimea iliyoathiriwa na kuitupa. Ikiwa hutafanya hivyo, itaenea na kwa wote. Kalsiamu inahitajika katika viwango vikubwa kwa ukuaji wa kawaida wa seli. Wakati matunda yanayokua kwa kasi yanaponyimwa kalsiamu, tishu huvunjika, na kuacha lesion ya tabia mwishoni mwa maua. Uozo wa mwisho wa maua hukua wakati mahitaji ya tunda ya kalsiamu yanapozidi ugavi kwenye udongo. Hii inaweza kutokana na viwango vya chini vya kalsiamu kwenye udongo, dhiki ya ukame, unyevu kupita kiasi wa udongo, na/au mabadiliko kutokana na mvua au kumwagilia kupita kiasi. Chokaa (isipokuwa udongo tayari ni alkali), mbolea ya mboji au unga wa mifupa utatoa kalsiamu.
 
2) MWANGAVU
Kuna hatua 3 za Blight. Early Blight ni madoa meusi na ya kijivu kwenye majani wakati Nyanya ni changa. Southern Blight ni madoa meusi na ya kijivu kwa shina na mizizi ya mmea wa nyanya. Late Blight hutoka mkononi, na huwa na madoa meusi na ya kijivu kwenye majani, mizabibu na nyanya.
 
KUTIBU
Njia rahisi ni kutibu katika hatua za mwanzo kwa kuondoa sehemu za mimea ya Nyanya iliyoambukizwa. Usipoitambua hadi hatua za baadaye za Blight, utahitaji kununua matibabu ya kuzuia ukungu, au unaweza kutengeneza ya kikaboni kutoka nyumbani.
 
3) MIWAVI
Wanapenda kulisha mimea ya Nyanya na wanapaswa kutunzwa mara moja.
 
KUTIBU
Kuna matibabu mengi yanayopatikana ili kupigana na viwavi kwenye duka lako la bustani, lakini unaweza kutengeneza dawa zako salama za kikaboni nyumbani. Dawa ya Siki ya Apple inaweza kutumika kuwazuia. Unaweza pia kupanda Marigolds ya Kifaransa karibu na Nyanya yako ili kuzuia kuja karibu.
 
4) KUPASUKA MATUNDA
Hii inaweza kutokea wakati ni kavu, na kisha kupata baadhi ya mvua kubwa, au mara nyingi zaidi wakati kuna ukuaji wa ghafla katika kupanda nyanya. Haidhuru Nyanya, au kuathiri kuzila, hazionekani vizuri baada ya hapo.
KUTIBU-
Ikiwa hutokea mapema katika awamu ya ukuaji wa mimea ya Nyanya, inaweza kuachwa. Maji tu na uweke virutubishi, kama kawaida, kwa hivyo hakuna mzunguko wa mvua sana. Ikitokea karibu na mavuno, haiwezi kubadilishwa.
 
5) MITI NYEKUNDU
Wao ni vigumu kuona, na kwa kawaida ni chini ya majani yako. Ikiwa unaona cobwebs kwenye mimea yako ya Nyanya, basi unayo.
 
KUTIBU
Unaweza kununua dawa dukani kila wakati ili kuzitunza, lakini ni bora zaidi kutengeneza dawa yako ya kikaboni ya Siki ya Apple, dawa ya sabuni, au kitunguu na kitunguu saumu. Coriander, Dill, na Chrysanthemums ni nzuri kupanda ili kuwazuia.
 
6) WILT
Ni ugonjwa wa fangasi unaoanzia kwenye mizizi, na kuzuia maji mengi na virutubisho kuingia kwenye mmea. Kawaida husababisha shida hadi Nyanya zinakua kwenye mizabibu. Kwanza utaona njano na kukauka kwa majani ya chini, na kisha mmea mzima utanyauka wakati wa joto zaidi wa siku. Itapona usiku, lakini itanyauka tena siku inayofuata.
 
KUTIBU--Kweli hakuna matibabu unapopata mnyauko ninaoujua. Iko kwenye udongo, kwa hivyo wakati ujao unapopanda Nyanya, chagua sehemu tofauti kwenye bustani ili kukua. Itanyima Wilt ya mwenyeji, na itakufa katika mwaka ujao. Panda miche ndani kwenye udongo safi kabla ya kupandikiza katika Majira ya kuchipua, na kisha hakikisha kwamba umeng'oa magugu yote yanayotokea karibu nayo.
 
7) KUCHOMA JUA
Ngozi ya Nyanya zako itaonekana kuwa na michubuko na imezama. Wakati mwingine hutokea wakati Nyanya zako hupata mionzi ya jua sana wakati wa kipindi cha ukame na joto.
 
KUTIBU
Usikate majani wakati wa joto. Majani ya ziada yatalinda Nyanya. Unaweza pia kutumia kitambaa cha kivuli kuwafunika katika vipindi hivi Mara tu wanapopata Mwanguko wa Jua, huwezi kufanya chochote kwa matunda yaliyoathirika, lakini unaweza kutoa kivuli kwa wale ambao hawajaathirika.