6 TOMATOES – 6.50 - PRODUKTION GUIDE 1 hector

 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
6 TOMATOES – 6.50 - PRODUKTION GUIDE 1 hector

 
Planting dates
• All year round in frost free areas or greenhouse
Days to Harvest • 80 to 120 days Depends on cultivar
Harvesting duration • 60 Days
Yield • 20 000 - 60 000 kgs per ha.
Soil requirements • pH 5.0 to 5.5, • Sandy loam soils, • Soil testing is key
 
Seed bed
• 120– 160 g in a nursery seed bed of about 60 m2
• 7 - 10 days emergence
• Floating seed trays can also be used
• Ensure free drainage to avoid damping off
1.       Transplanting
• 6 - 8 weeks after emergence
• Harden seedlings when they have 3-5 true leaves
2.      Transplanting
Possibly transplant a second time and plant deeper again down to the first leaf.
Tomatoes and potatoes are the only plants that will develop lateral roots when the main stem is covered in soil. Roots can be in a plastic pot 5 l until 20 to 20 cm.
 
Spacing
• In-row: 300 - 500mm
• Inter-row: 1000 - 1500mm Dripline between both rows.
 
Fertilizer requirements
Natural dung r good compost in the earth in howls 30x30x30 cm nearly 2 months before planting. Cover with earth.
Other organic fertilizer after planting, Fertilizer in the Drip System on the roots
 
Weed management (see our following lessons 6.51 and more)
• Annual and perennial grasses Apply post emergence to young and actively growing weeds, CHOP AND DROP SYSTEM make mulch and plant garlic and onions between .
• Broad leaves and annual grasses
 
Pests
• Cut worm/ Carbaryl, Dursban, Pyrinex, Karate
• Aphids/ Dimethoate, Metasystox 25/ EC, Malathion 50%
• African Bollworm/ Thionex 35 EC, Dedevap, Tamaron 600 SL, Carbaryl, Dipterex 95 SP
• Red spider mite/ Malathion, Dimethoate 40 EC, Mitac, Armitraz 20 EC, Kelthane 18 EC, Dicofol
• Leaf miners/ Tamaron, Trigard
• Whitefly/ Confidor, Naturell, DDVP Diseases
• Bacterial canker/ It is controlled by using healthy seeds, planting on ridges and the use of crop rotation.
• Bacterial wilt/ Use crop rotation and avoid use of areas prone to water logging.
• Bacterial spot/ Healthy seed , crop rotation and Copper oxychloride, Mancozeb, Captan and Metiram
• Bacterial speck/ Use certified disease free seed Copper oxychloride and Mancozeb
• Early blight/ Copper oxychloride and Mancozeb, Ridomil, Maneb, Bravo
• Late blight/ Copper oxychloride and Mancozeb, Ridomil, Maneb, Bravo, Captan
• Tomato mosaic virus/ spotted wilt virus/ yellow leaf curl virus/ Use resistant cultivars, Control vectors, Practice good hygiene, Rogue out and destroy infected
 
Tips
→ For any crop, always research and secure a market before investing in production. This ensures a sustainable farm business operation that is market driven. Answers to the following questions are important: Who will buy? At what price? Where? Who will provide transport? Are there any hidden costs of selling? Can I add value to my produce? How can I best package and sell my produce?
→ Get trained on production and business. The training should cover; land preparation, varieties, fertilizer requirements, management (record keeping,
accounting, marketing), pests and diseases, possible problems and solutions, harvesting, storage and transportation.
→ Soil quality and water available are key to successful production. Take soils for analysis and ensure you have a reliable water source.
→ Visit successful and unsuccessful farms for learning
→ Subscribe to local farmers’ magazines and research more on tomato production business management.
→ For large operations, hire an Agribusiness Consultant to assist you
 
 

 
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 – 6.50 - MWONGOZO WA UZALISHAJI hekta 1
 
Tarehe za kupanda
• Mwaka mzima katika maeneo yasiyo na baridi au chafu
Siku za Kuvuna • Siku 80 hadi 120 Inategemea aina ya mimea
Muda wa kuvuna • Siku 60
Mavuno • Kilo 20 000 - 60 000 kwa hekta.
Mahitaji ya udongo • pH 5.0 hadi 5.5, • Udongo tifutifu wa kichanga, • Upimaji wa udongo ni muhimu
 
Kitanda cha mbegu
• 120– 160 g kwenye kitalu cha mbegu cha takriban 60 m2
• Kuibuka kwa siku 7 - 10
• Treni za mbegu zinazoelea pia zinaweza kutumika
• Hakikisha mifereji ya maji bila malipo ili kuepuka unyevu
 
1. Kupandikiza
• Wiki 6 - 8 baada ya kuibuka
• Imarisha miche inapokuwa na majani 3-5 halisi
2. Kupandikiza
Labda pandikiza mara ya pili na panda tena chini hadi kwenye jani la kwanza.
Nyanya na viazi ndio mimea pekee ambayo itakua mizizi ya upande wakati shina kuu limefunikwa kwenye udongo. Mizizi inaweza kuwa katika sufuria ya plastiki 5 l hadi 20 hadi 20 cm.
 
Nafasi
• Safu-mlalo: 300 - 500mm
• Mstari kati ya safu mlalo: 1000 - 1500mm Mstari wa matone kati ya safu zote mbili.
 
Mahitaji ya mbolea
Kinyesi cha asili r mboji nzuri ardhini hulia 30x30x30 cm karibu miezi 2 kabla ya kupanda. Funika na ardhi.
Mbolea nyingine ya kikaboni baada ya kupanda, Mbolea kwenye mfumo wa matone kwenye mizizi
 
Udhibiti wa magugu (tazama masomo yetu yafuatayo 6.51 na zaidi)
• Nyasi za kila mwaka na za kudumu Weka magugu machanga na yanayoota kwa wingi, KATA NA KUANGUSHA MFUMO tengeneza matandazo na panda vitunguu saumu na vitunguu kati ya .
• Majani mapana na nyasi za kila mwaka
 
Wadudu
• Cut worm/ Carbaryl, Dursban, Pyrinex, Karate
• Vidukari/ Dimethoate, Metasystox 25/ EC, Malathion 50%
• African Bollworm/ Thionex 35 EC, Dedevap, Tamaron 600 SL, Carbaryl, Dipterex 95 SP
• Red spider mite/ Malathion, Dimethoate 40 EC, Mitac, Armitraz 20 EC, Kelthane 18 EC,
Dicofol
• Wachimbaji wa majani/ Tamaron, Trigard
• Whitefly/ Confidor, Naturell, DDVP Magonjwa
• Bacterial canker/ Hudhibitiwa kwa kutumia mbegu zenye afya, kupanda kwenye matuta na kutumia mzunguko wa mazao.
• Mnyauko bakteria/ Tumia mzunguko wa mazao na epuka matumizi ya maeneo yenye ukataji wa maji.
• Maeneo ya bakteria/ Mbegu yenye afya, mzunguko wa mazao na oksikloridi ya Shaba,
 
Mancozeb, Captan na Metiram
• Madoa ya bakteria/ Tumia oksikloridi ya shaba na Mancozeb iliyothibitishwa.
• Ukungu wa mapema/ Oksikloridi ya Shaba na Mancozeb, Ridomil, Maneb, Bravo
• Blight ya kuchelewa/ Oksikloridi ya Shaba na Mancozeb, Ridomil, Maneb, Bravo, Captan
• Tomato mosaic virus/ spotted wilt virus/ yellow leaf curl virus/ Tumia mimea sugu, Dhibiti vienezaji, Fanya usafi, Zuia na uharibu walioambukizwa.
 
Vidokezo
→ Kwa zao lolote, daima tafiti na kupata soko kabla ya kuwekeza katika uzalishaji. Hii inahakikisha uendeshaji endelevu wa biashara ya shamba unaoendeshwa na soko. Majibu ya maswali yafuatayo ni muhimu: Nani atanunua? Kwa bei gani? Wapi? Nani atatoa usafiri? Je, kuna gharama zozote zilizofichwa za kuuza? Je, ninaweza kuongeza thamani ya mazao yangu? Je, ninawezaje kufunga na kuuza mazao yangu vizuri zaidi?
→ Pata mafunzo ya uzalishaji na biashara. Mafunzo yanapaswa kujumuisha; maandalizi ya ardhi, aina, mahitaji ya mbolea, usimamizi (kutunza kumbukumbu,
uhasibu, masoko), wadudu na magonjwa, matatizo na ufumbuzi unaowezekana, uvunaji, uhifadhi na usafirishaji.
→ Ubora wa udongo na maji yanayopatikana ni muhimu kwa uzalishaji wenye mafanikio. Chukua udongo kwa uchunguzi na hakikisha una chanzo cha maji cha uhakika.
→ Tembelea mashamba yenye mafanikio na yasiyo na mafanikio kwa ajili ya kujifunza
→ Jiandikishe kwa majarida ya wakulima wa ndani na utafiti zaidi juu ya usimamizi wa biashara ya uzalishaji wa nyanya.
→ Kwa shughuli kubwa, ajiri Mshauri wa Biashara ya Kilimo ili kukusaidia