6 SWISS CHARD – 6.90 - CULTIVATION

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
6 SWISS CHARD – 6.90 - CULTIVATION

 
planting requirements
1. When planting Swiss chard, choose a location that will receive partial to full sun exposure and plant once the soil is at least 40 degrees Fahrenheit. It's not necessary to add fertilizer at this point, but you can incorporate about 2 inches of organic matter into the planting area if you prefer. You can grow Swiss chard from seed or as transplants. Plant the seeds about 1 inch deep and about 2 to 6 inches apart. For transplants, space them 6 to 12 inches apart. Once the seeds become seedlings, thin them out to 6 to 12 inches apart. Apply a 1 or 2 inch layer of mulch around the base of the plants to retain soil moisture.
irrigation requirements
1. Swiss chard likes a lot of moisture, but the soil should not be damp, as this can lead to rot and fungal diseases. Water the plants regularly, keeping the soil moist at a depth of 1 inch. Reduce watering in wet weather and increase in hot, dry periods.
fertilizer needs
1. Chard grows in poor soil conditions, but an application of organic nitrogen fertilizer can help increase leaf growth about two weeks after planting. You can use an organic fertilizer like Blood Meal (12-0-0) around the base of the plants. Apply the blood meal at a rate of 1 tablespoon per square foot and rake into the top 1 to 3 inches of soil, then water the soil to fully incorporate.
pest control
1.       Chard is not very susceptible to pests, but is occasionally attacked by flea beetles, aphids and leaf miners. You can identify flea beetles by their black appearance and jumping movements. Aphids are small, with different colours and pear-shaped bodies. Miner flies are grey and 1/2 inch long, and they lay eggs on the undersides of the leaves. You can treat flea beetles, aphids, and leaf miners with a weekly application of premixed insecticidal soap until they're gone. Leaf miners are more difficult to control. You should remove and discard any infected leaves and treat the chard with 4 tablespoons of concentrated Spinosad mixed with 1 gallon of water in a garden or hose sprayer. Spray the chard thoroughly and coat all parts of the leaves. Reapply every two or three days if needed. Because it has low toxicity, you can harvest the leaves 24 hours after application, but wash them first before eating after using an insecticide.
 
 
 
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KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6 SWISS CHADI – 6.112 - KILIMO
 
mahitaji ya kupanda
1. Unapopanda chard ya Uswisi, chagua eneo ambalo litapata mwanga wa jua kwa kiasi kidogo na upande udongo unapokuwa na angalau nyuzi 40 za Fahrenheit. Sio lazima kuongeza mbolea katika hatua hii, lakini unaweza kuingiza kuhusu inchi 2 za viumbe hai kwenye eneo la kupanda ikiwa unapendelea. Unaweza kukuza chard ya Uswizi kutoka kwa mbegu au kama vipandikizi. Panda mbegu kwa kina cha inchi 1 na umbali wa inchi 2 hadi 6. Kwa vipandikizi, viweke kwa umbali wa inchi 6 hadi 12. Mara tu mbegu zinapokuwa na miche, zipunguze kwa umbali wa inchi 6 hadi 12. Weka safu ya inchi 1 au 2 ya matandazo kuzunguka msingi wa mimea ili kuhifadhi unyevu wa udongo.
mahitaji ya umwagiliaji
1. Uswisi chard hupenda unyevu mwingi, lakini udongo haupaswi kuwa na unyevu, kwa sababu hii inaweza kusababisha kuoza na magonjwa ya vimelea. Mwagilia mimea mara kwa mara, ukiweka udongo unyevu kwa kina cha inchi 1. Kupunguza kumwagilia katika hali ya hewa ya mvua na kuongezeka kwa joto na kavu.
mahitaji ya mbolea
1. Chard hukua katika hali mbaya ya udongo, lakini uwekaji wa mbolea ya nitrojeni hai inaweza kusaidia kuongeza ukuaji wa majani takriban wiki mbili baada ya kupanda. Unaweza kutumia mbolea ya kikaboni kama Mlo wa Damu (12-0-0) kuzunguka msingi wa mimea. Omba mlo wa damu kwa kiwango cha kijiko 1 kwa kila futi ya mraba na uweke kwenye udongo wa juu wa inchi 1 hadi 3, kisha umwagilia udongo ili kuingiza kikamilifu.
udhibiti wa wadudu
1. Chard haishambuliwi sana na wadudu, lakini mara kwa mara hushambuliwa na mende wa flea, aphids na wachimbaji wa majani. Unaweza kutambua mende kwa kuonekana kwao nyeusi na harakati za kuruka. Aphids ni ndogo, na rangi tofauti na miili ya umbo la pear. Nzi wa kuchimba madini wana rangi ya kijivu na urefu wa inchi 1/2, na hutaga mayai kwenye upande wa chini wa majani. Unaweza kutibu mende, vidukari na wachimbaji wa majani kwa upakaji wa kila wiki wa sabuni ya kuua wadudu iliyochanganywa hadi watoweke. Wachimbaji wa majani ni wagumu zaidi kudhibiti. Unapaswa kuondoa na kutupa majani yoyote yaliyoambukizwa na kutibu chard kwa vijiko 4 vya Spinosad iliyokolea iliyochanganywa na galoni 1 ya maji kwenye bustani au kinyunyizio cha bomba. Nyunyiza chard vizuri na upake sehemu zote za majani. Omba tena kila siku mbili au tatu ikiwa inahitajika. Kwa sababu ina sumu ya chini, unaweza kuvuna majani saa 24 baada ya maombi, lakini safisha kwanza kabla ya kula baada ya kutumia dawa.