6 TOMATOES – 6.66 - FREE GREENHOUSE – GROWING and SOIL

 

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   

6 TOMATOES – 6.66 - GREENHOUSE – GROWING and SOIL

6 TOMATOES, OUTDOOR – 6.70 - PLANT FACTS and VARIETIES

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
6 TOMATOES, OUTDOOR – 6.70 - PLANT FACTS and VARIETIES  

 
In many areas the tomatoes crop requires special protection – you can grow the plants in a greenhouse or cultivate dwarf varieties in frames or under cloches. If however, you live in a mild area and there is some shelter from cold winds than you can expect a satisfactory crop in the open garden in most summers.
 
The outdoor crop has its benefits – the flavour of the fruit is generally better and the bush varieties take much of the hard work out of tomatoes growing. There are however several pitfalls for the unwary even if your side is warm and sheltered. First of all, you must choose a variety which is recommended for growing outdoors – don’t buy seedlings without checking that they are suitable. You must also prepare the ground properly – tomatoes need well-drained humus rich soil. Finally, remember to remove the growing point of a cordon variety whilst the plant is still quite small – leaving it to grow to its natural height will prevent the tomatoes from ripening. As you will see there are many varieties which are suitable for outdoor growing. 
 
SOWING AND PLANTING
If you want to rise your own seedlings, one of the techniques described in the greenhouse stories how to do this.
Alternatively, you can buy tomatoes seedlings for planting out. Look ore ones which are dark green, sturdy and about 8 in. tall. These young plants should be pot grown.
 
Plant out into growing bags, pots or the vegetable plot when the flowers of the first truss are beginning to open. Water the pot before planting out and ensure that the top of the soil ball is set just below the soil surface.
You will get a better crop if you spread black polythene sheeting over the soil surface and plant the tomato seedlings through x-shaped slits.
 
CORDON VARIETIES There exist more than 400 varieties, ask your area dealer he know what’s best in your climate…
 
Gardener’s delight, Sweet 100, Marmande, Saint Pierre, Outdoor girl, Hissston Early, Gemini, and so on…
 
BUSH VARIETIES:  The amateur, Red Alert, Alfresco, Pixie , Sigma bush and others..
 
This varieties make outdoor growing much easier. They are  either bushes 1 to 1.1/2 ft. high or creeping plants less than 9 in. tall. They do not require supporting, trimming or stopping and they are excellent for cloche areas. One drawback is, that the fruits tend to be hidden, which makes harvesting more difficult than with cordon varieties. Straw or plastic sheeting must be laid around the plants as many fruits are at ground level.
 
 
 
Text from The Vegetable & Herb Expert D.D.G. Hessayon
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KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6, NJE – 6.70 - UKWELI NA AINA ZA MIMEA
 
Katika maeneo mengi mazao ya nyanya yanahitaji ulinzi maalum - unaweza kukua mimea katika chafu au kulima aina ndogo katika fremu au chini ya cloches. Ikiwa hata hivyo, unaishi katika eneo lenye utulivu na kuna mahali pa kujikinga kutokana na upepo baridi kuliko unavyoweza kutarajia mazao ya kuridhisha katika bustani ya wazi katika majira mengi ya kiangazi.
 
Mazao ya nje yana faida zake - ladha ya matunda kwa ujumla ni bora na aina za kichaka huchukua kazi kubwa kutoka kwa nyanya kukua. Hata hivyo kuna mitego kadhaa kwa wasiokuwa na tahadhari hata kama upande wako ni joto na hifadhi. Kwanza kabisa, lazima uchague aina ambayo inapendekezwa kwa kukua nje - usinunue miche bila kuangalia ikiwa inafaa. Lazima pia uandae ardhi vizuri - nyanya zinahitaji udongo wenye rutuba ya humus. Hatimaye, kumbuka kuondoa sehemu ya kukua ya aina ya cordon wakati mmea bado ni mdogo sana - kuiacha ikue hadi urefu wake wa asili kutazuia nyanya kuiva. Kama unaweza kuona, kuna aina nyingi ambazo zinafaa kwa kilimo cha nje.
 
KUPANDA NA KUPANDA
Ikiwa unataka kupanda miche yako mwenyewe, mojawapo ya mbinu zilizoelezwa katika hadithi za chafu jinsi ya kufanya hivyo.
Vinginevyo, unaweza kununua miche ya nyanya kwa kupanda nje. Angalia madini ambayo ni ya kijani kibichi, imara na yenye urefu wa takriban inchi 8. Mimea hii mchanga inapaswa kupandwa kwenye sufuria.
 

6 TOMATOES – 6.71 - OUTDOOR – GROWING and SOIL

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
6 TOMATOES – 6.71 - OUTDOOR – GROWING and SOIL

 
·         If a cordon variety is grown, loosely tie the steam to the cane. Make the ties at 12 in. intervals as the plant grows.
·         Side shoots will appear where the leave stalks join the stem. Pinch them out when they are about 1 in. long. Remove yellowing leaves below fruit trusses as the season progress, but never overdo this process.
·         Water regularly in dry weather to keep the soil moist – alternating dryness with flooding will cause blossom end rot or fruit splitting. If using growing bags, you must water frequently as noted on the instructions.
·         Feed regularly with a tomato fertilizer. When small tomatoes have developed on the 4^th truss remove the tip at 2 leaves above this truss.
 
Text from The Vegetable & Herb Expert D.D.G. Hessayon
 
 
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 – 6.71 - NJE – KUKUA na UDONGO
 
• Ikiwa aina ya cordon imekuzwa, funga mvuke kwa urahisi kwenye miwa. Fanya mahusiano kwa vipindi 12 wakati mmea unakua.
• Machipukizi ya pembeni yatatokea pale ambapo mashina ya majani yanaungana na shina. Bana zikiwa na urefu wa takriban inchi 1. Ondoa majani yenye rangi ya manjano chini ya viunga vya matunda msimu unapoendelea, lakini usizidishe mchakato huu.
• Mwagilia maji mara kwa mara katika hali ya hewa kavu ili kuweka udongo unyevu - kubadilisha ukavu na mafuriko kutasababisha kuoza kwa maua au kugawanyika kwa matunda. Ikiwa unatumia mifuko ya kukua, lazima umwagilie mara kwa mara kama ilivyoelezwa kwenye maelekezo.
• Lisha mara kwa mara kwa kutumia mbolea ya nyanya. Wakati nyanya ndogo zimekua kwenye truss ya 4 ondoa ncha kwenye majani 2 juu ya truss hii.

6 TOMATOES, OUTDOOR – 6.72 - HARVESTING and KITCHEN

 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
HARVESTING

6 TOMATOES, OUTDOOR – 6.72 - HARVESTING and KITCHEN

Pick the fruits when they are ripe and fully coloured. Hold the tomato in your pa  
lm and with your thump brake off the fruit at the ‘knuckle’ (swelling on the flower stalk).
At the end of the season the stems can be removed from the canes and laid under cloches on a bed of straw. An easier way to ripen green fruit is to place them as a layer and put them in a drawer. Net to the tray set a couple of ripe apples to generate to generate the ripening gas ethylene.
Tomatoes for the market, where they lay a couple of days should be picked up a bit earlier. So the dealers can have a week to sell them on best quality.
 
IN THE KITCHEN
It is true that a tomato picked from the plant will taste better than the fruit of the same variety bought in the supermarket, but a home-grown money-maker will have none of the ‘real’ tomato taste of shop-bought Gardeners Delight.
Variety is all important and you should check that your choice is recommended for its flavour. Most garden tomatoes are used for salads or for grilling and frying – simple methods of preparation for one of our favourite vegetables. Bite-sized should be served whole but slicing or quartering are the usual methods on the preparation on the salad plate. Simply add French dressing or else make a tomato-salad fit for a gourmet – sprinkle salt and freshly ground pepper over the slides , add a little sugar and then cover with shopped basil or a mixture of parsley or chieves.
 

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6, NJE – 6.72 - KUVUNA na JIKO
 
KUVUNA
Chagua matunda yakiwa yameiva na kuwa na rangi kamili. Shikilia nyanya kwenye kiganja chako na kwa pigo lako vunja tunda kwenye ‘knuckle’ (kuvimba kwenye shina la maua).
Mwishoni mwa msimu, shina zinaweza kuondolewa kutoka kwa miwa na kuweka chini ya vifungo kwenye kitanda cha majani. Njia rahisi ya kuiva matunda ya kijani ni kuwaweka kama safu na kuwaweka kwenye droo. Wavu kwenye trei weka tufaha kadhaa zilizoiva ili kuzalisha gesi inayoiva ethilini.
Nyanya kwa soko, ambapo huweka siku kadhaa zinapaswa kuchukuliwa mapema. Kwa hivyo wafanyabiashara wanaweza kuwa na wiki ya kuziuza kwa ubora bora.
 
JIKONI
Ni kweli kwamba nyanya iliyochunwa kwenye mmea huo itaonja vizuri zaidi kuliko tunda la aina ile ile iliyonunuliwa katika duka kubwa, lakini mtengeneza pesa wa nyumbani hatakuwa na ladha ya nyanya ‘halisi’ ya Bustani inayonunuliwa dukani.
Aina zote ni muhimu na unapaswa kuangalia kuwa chaguo lako linapendekezwa kwa ladha yake. Nyanya nyingi za bustani hutumiwa kwa saladi au kwa kuchoma na kaanga - njia rahisi za maandalizi kwa moja ya mboga zetu zinazopenda. Ukubwa wa bite unapaswa kutumiwa nzima lakini kukata au kukata sehemu ni njia za kawaida za maandalizi kwenye sahani ya saladi. Ongeza tu mavazi ya Kifaransa au vinginevyo fanya saladi ya nyanya kwa gourmet - nyunyiza chumvi na pilipili safi ya kusaga juu ya slaidi, kuongeza sukari kidogo na kisha kufunika na basil ya duka au mchanganyiko wa parsley au chieves.

 

6 TOMATOES, OUTDOOR – 6.73 - TROUBLES

 
 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
6 TOMATOES, OUTDOOR – 6.73 - TROUBLES   

 
Diseases and disorder are much more important than insect pests – outdoor tomatoes are much less susceptible than crops grown under glass. Keep a careful watch and treat plants immediately symptoms appear.  Tomatoes require feeding with a specific fertilizer which is rich in potash in order to prevent undersized fruit on the upper trusses. Don’t overfeed – little and often is the secret.

1.       VIRUS: Destroy affected specimens, feed remaining plants.
PREVENTION: Try to buy virus free plants

.
2.       TOMATOE LEAF MOULD: Remove some of the lower leaves. No systematic sprays are available.

PREVENTION: Ventilate the greenhouse, especially at night.

3.      GREY MOULD: Cut out diseased areas and remove all rotting parts.

4.      PREVENTION: Reduce humidity by adequate ventilation. Remove decaying leaves and fruit. Avoid overcrowding. No systematic sprays are available.

5.      MAGNESIUM DIFFICIENCY: Spray with Epson salt. (1/2 oz/pint)or use a foliar spray containing magnesium.
PREVENTION: Use a fertilizer which contains magnesium (Mg).
 
There are more disease.. ask me on PM and send a photo. Best prevention is always companion planting with garlic

 
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6, NJE – 6.70 - UKWELI NA AINA ZA MIMEA
 
Katika maeneo mengi mazao ya nyanya yanahitaji ulinzi maalum - unaweza kukua mimea katika chafu au kulima aina ndogo katika fremu au chini ya cloches. Ikiwa hata hivyo, unaishi katika eneo lenye utulivu na kuna mahali pa kujikinga kutokana na upepo baridi kuliko unavyoweza kutarajia mazao ya kuridhisha katika bustani ya wazi katika majira mengi ya kiangazi.
 
Mazao ya nje yana faida zake - ladha ya matunda kwa ujumla ni bora na aina za kichaka huchukua kazi kubwa kutoka kwa nyanya kukua. Hata hivyo kuna mitego kadhaa kwa wasiokuwa na tahadhari hata kama upande wako ni joto na hifadhi. Kwanza kabisa, lazima uchague aina ambayo inapendekezwa kwa kukua nje - usinunue miche bila kuangalia ikiwa inafaa. Lazima pia uandae ardhi vizuri - nyanya zinahitaji udongo wenye rutuba ya humus. Hatimaye, kumbuka kuondoa sehemu ya kukua ya aina ya cordon wakati mmea bado ni mdogo sana - kuiacha ikue hadi urefu wake wa asili kutazuia nyanya kuiva. Kama unaweza kuona, kuna aina nyingi ambazo zinafaa kwa kilimo cha nje.
 
KUPANDA NA KUPANDA
Ikiwa unataka kupanda miche yako mwenyewe, mojawapo ya mbinu zilizoelezwa katika hadithi za chafu jinsi ya kufanya hivyo.
Vinginevyo, unaweza kununua miche ya nyanya kwa kupanda nje. Angalia madini ambayo ni ya kijani kibichi, imara na yenye urefu wa takriban inchi 8. Mimea hii mchanga inapaswa kupandwa kwenye sufuria.
 
Panda kwenye mifuko ya kukua, sufuria au shamba la mboga wakati maua ya truss ya kwanza yanaanza kufunguka. Mwagilia sufuria kabla ya kupanda na hakikisha kuwa sehemu ya juu ya udongo imewekwa chini ya uso wa udongo.
Utapata mazao bora ikiwa utatandaza karatasi nyeusi ya nailoni juu ya uso wa udongo na kupanda miche ya nyanya kupitia mpasuo wenye umbo la x.
 
AINA ZA CORDON Kuna aina zaidi ya 400, muulize muuzaji wa eneo lako anajua ni nini bora katika hali ya hewa yako…
 
Furaha ya mtunza bustani, Tamu 100, Marmande, Saint Pierre, Msichana wa nje, Hissston Mapema, Gemini, na kadhalika…
 
AINA ZA BUSH: The Amateur, Red Alert, Alfresco, Pixie , Sigma Bush na wengineo..
 
Aina hizi hurahisisha ukuaji wa nje. Ni vichaka vya urefu wa futi 1 hadi 1.1/2 au mimea inayotambaa isiyozidi inchi 9 kwa urefu. Hazihitaji kuunga mkono, kupunguza au kuacha na ni bora kwa maeneo ya karakana. Kikwazo kimoja ni kwamba matunda huwa yamefichwa, ambayo hufanya kuvuna kuwa ngumu zaidi kuliko aina za cordon. Majani au karatasi za plastiki lazima ziweke kuzunguka mimea kwani matunda mengi yako kwenye usawa wa ardhi.

6 TOMATOES - 6.74 – PREFERRING TOMATOES

 

 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
6 TOMATOES - 6.74 – PREFERRING TOMATOES

 
Preferring tomatoes: Four common mistakes beginners make all the time.
In the spring, the first tomato plants are brought forward on the windowsill. If you already make mistakes here, you may be making the effort in vain.
Tomatoes are undoubtedly one of the most popular plants in the vegetable garden. Young plants can also be bought in the garden trade, but if you prefer your tomato plants yourself and later plant them in the garden, you have a richer selection of tomato varieties. When sowing and cultivating tomato plants, however, beginners make the same mistakes again and again.

Avoid mistakes when growing tomatoes.

Mistakes in growing tomatoes can, in the worst case, result in the seeds not germinating at all or in the shoots developing only weakly or too late. Typical errors can be the following:

5 Mistakes Gardening Newbies Make and How to Avoid Them.
1. Sowing too late: Many hobby gardeners wait too long before growing tomatoes, sometimes until early summer. March is the ideal time to start sowing on the windowsill. If you start too late, you must expect a poorer harvest, since the perennials simply don't have the time to develop enough fruit.

2. Forget about sources: For the tomato seeds to germinate quickly, they need a lot of moisture. Many beginners forget to pre-soak the seed. All you must do is soak the tomato seeds in lukewarm water overnight. Some also swear by cooled chamomile tea, which is said to prevent germs and mould.

3. Press down the soil: After you have planted the tomato seeds in the potting soil, they are finally covered with a thin layer of sieved potting soil and pressed down very gently. It shouldn't be too hard; the soil must remain loose.

4. Watering incorrectly: Another classic beginner's mistake: Water the seeds with a watering can until the pots are completely soaked. Here it is sufficient to spray the soil lightly with water. The soil should then feel like a squeezed-out sponge. In this way, the seed is not accidentally washed away. Finally, to prevent mould growth, the soil can be covered with a thin layer of sand.
However, if the tomatoes are already grown in the garden, a successful harvest is by no means guaranteed. A lot can also go wrong when caring for tomato plants.
 

 
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 - 6.74 – KUPENDELEA NYANYA
 
Kupendelea nyanya: Makosa manne ya kawaida wanaoanza kufanya kila wakati.
Katika chemchemi, mimea ya kwanza ya nyanya huletwa mbele kwenye dirisha la madirisha. Ikiwa tayari unafanya makosa hapa, unaweza kuwa unafanya juhudi bure.
Nyanya bila shaka ni moja ya mimea maarufu zaidi katika bustani ya mboga. Mimea mchanga pia inaweza kununuliwa katika biashara ya bustani, lakini ikiwa unapendelea mimea yako ya nyanya mwenyewe na baadaye kuipanda kwenye bustani, una uteuzi mzuri wa aina za nyanya. Wakati wa kupanda na kulima mimea ya nyanya, hata hivyo, waanziaji hufanya makosa sawa tena na tena.

Epuka makosa wakati wa kupanda nyanya.
Makosa katika kukua nyanya yanaweza, katika hali mbaya zaidi, kusababisha mbegu zisizoota kabisa au katika shina zinazoendelea tu dhaifu au kuchelewa. Makosa ya kawaida yanaweza kuwa yafuatayo:

Makosa 5 ya Kutunza Bustani ya Watoto wachanga na Jinsi ya Kuepuka.
1. Kupanda kwa kuchelewa: Wapanda bustani wengi wa hobby husubiri kwa muda mrefu kabla ya kupanda nyanya, wakati mwingine hadi majira ya joto mapema. Machi ni wakati mzuri wa kuanza kupanda kwenye dirisha la madirisha. Ikiwa utaanza kuchelewa, lazima utarajie mavuno duni, kwani mimea ya kudumu haina wakati wa kukuza matunda ya kutosha.

2. Sahau kuhusu vyanzo: Ili mbegu za nyanya kuota haraka, zinahitaji unyevu mwingi. Waanzilishi wengi husahau kuloweka mbegu kabla. Unachotakiwa kufanya ni kuloweka mbegu za nyanya kwenye maji ya uvuguvugu kwa usiku mmoja. Wengine pia huapa kwa chai iliyopozwa ya chamomile, ambayo inasemekana kuzuia vijidudu na ukungu.

3. Kanda chini udongo: Baada ya kupanda mbegu za nyanya kwenye udongo wa chungu, hatimaye hufunikwa na safu nyembamba ya udongo wa kuchujwa na kukandamizwa chini kwa upole sana. Haipaswi kuwa ngumu sana; udongo lazima ubaki huru.

4. Kumwagilia vibaya: Kosa lingine la mwanzilishi wa kawaida: Mwagilia mbegu kwa kopo la kumwagilia hadi sufuria zilowe kabisa. Hapa inatosha kunyunyiza udongo kwa maji kidogo. Kisha udongo unapaswa kuhisi kama sifongo iliyobanwa. Kwa njia hii, mbegu haijaoshwa kwa bahati mbaya. Hatimaye, ili kuzuia ukuaji wa mold, udongo unaweza kufunikwa na safu nyembamba ya mchanga.

Hata hivyo, ikiwa nyanya tayari zimepandwa kwenye bustani, mavuno ya mafanikio hayana uhakika wowote. Mengi pia yanaweza kwenda vibaya wakati wa kutunza mimea ya nyanya.

6 TOMATOES - 6.75 – PRODUCTION GUIDE

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
6 TOMATOES - 6.75 – PRODUCTION GUIDE

 
SPACING
In row 30-35 cm, Interrow 1.5 m
 
DETERMINATE VARIETIES
Ultra quick, Star 9008, Zandra, Jam type/ oval shaped, Star 9062, Star 9063 Semi; Star 9009, 9011 (round), Star 9064, 9065 (jam)
 
INDETERMINATE
Round Star 9030; star 9037; Trinity; Star 9081, 9082 (saladette type)
 
Plant Marigold between the tomatoes and garlic around them

we sell Marigold plants for 50 Bob and seeds for 500 a package with 50...
 
FERTILIZER:
use manure 3 month before planting in a whole on 30 to 30 cm

 
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 - 6.75 – MWONGOZO WA UZALISHAJI
 
NAFASI
Katika mstari wa 30-35 cm, Interrow 1.5 m
 
AMUA AINA
Haraka sana, Star 9008, Zandra, Jam aina/ umbo la mviringo, Star 9062, Star 9063 Semi; Star 9009, 9011 (pande zote), Star 9064, 9065 (jam)
 
INDETERMINATE
Nyota ya pande zote 9030; nyota 9037; Utatu; Nyota 9081, 9082 (aina ya saladi)
 
Panda Marigold kati ya nyanya na vitunguu karibu nao
 
MBOLEA:
tumia samadi miezi 3 kabla ya kupanda kwa urefu wa cm 30 hadi 30