6 SWEET CORN – 6.111 - GROWING and SOIL

 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
6 SWEET CORN – 6.111 - GROWING and SOIL

 
Sweetcorn must be planted in rectangular blocks, not as a single row. This will ensure effective wind pollination of the female flowers.
Outdoor sowing may be reliable in the south but in other areas sow under cloches or preferably in pots indoors. Roots disturbance must be avoided, so use 3 in. peat pots – not clay or plastic ones. Sow 2 seeds about 1 in. deep in seed compost – leave 18 in. between transplants.
 
LOOKING AFTER THE CROP
Remove cloches when the foliage touches the glass. Protect seedlings with black cotton if birds are a nuisance. Keep down weeds but do not hoe close to the plants.
Roots will appear at the base of the stem – cover them with soil or a mulch f old compost. The sideshoots (‘tillers’) which may develop should not be removed.
Water in dry weather – this is especially important at flowering time. Stake if the plants are tall and the side is exposed.
Tapping the tassels at the top of each stem when they are fully developed, this will help pollination. Liquid feed when the cobs begin to swell.
 
SOIL FACTS
There are two basic soil requirements – good drainage and enough humus to ensure that the ground will not dry too quickly out. Ideally it should be slightly acid, reasonably fertile and deep, but the situation is more important than the soil type.
Choose a spot in full sun which is sheltered from the wind. Rake in Grow more fertilizer about 2 weeks before sawing or planting.
 
Text from The Vegetable & Herb Expert D.D.G. Hessayon

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6 MAHINDI TAMU – 6.111 - KUKUA NA UDONGO
 
Nafaka tamu lazima ipandwe katika vizuizi vya mstatili, sio kama safu moja. Hii itahakikisha uchavushaji mzuri wa upepo wa maua ya kike.
Kupanda kwa nje kunaweza kutegemewa kusini lakini katika maeneo mengine panda chini ya vifuniko au ikiwezekana kwenye sufuria ndani ya nyumba. Usumbufu wa mizizi lazima uepukwe, kwa hiyo tumia sufuria 3 za peat - sio udongo au plastiki. Panda mbegu 2 kuhusu inchi 1 ndani ya mboji ya mbegu - acha inchi 18 kati ya vipandikizi.
 
KUANGALIA MAZAO
Ondoa vifuniko wakati majani yanagusa glasi. Linda miche kwa pamba nyeusi ikiwa ndege ni kero. Zuia magugu lakini usipige jembe karibu na mimea.
Mizizi itaonekana chini ya shina - kuifunika kwa udongo au matandazo ya mbolea ya zamani. Vipuli vya pembeni (‘tillers’) vinavyoweza kutokea havipaswi kuondolewa.
Maji katika hali ya hewa kavu - hii ni muhimu hasa wakati wa maua. Shika ikiwa mimea ni mirefu na upande umefunuliwa.
Kugonga pindo juu ya kila shina wakati zimekua kikamilifu, hii itasaidia uchavushaji. Chakula cha kioevu wakati maganda huanza kuvimba.
 
MAMBO YA UDONGO
Kuna mahitaji mawili ya msingi ya udongo - mifereji ya maji nzuri na humus ya kutosha ili kuhakikisha kuwa ardhi haitakauka haraka sana. Inapaswa kuwa na asidi kidogo, yenye rutuba na kina, lakini hali ni muhimu zaidi kuliko aina ya udongo.
Chagua mahali kwenye jua kamili ambalo limehifadhiwa kutoka kwa upepo. Rake in Panda mbolea zaidi takriban wiki 2 kabla ya kukata au kupanda.

O

6 SWEET CORN – 6-112 - HARVESTING and KITCHEN

 

 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
6 SWEET CORN – 6-112 - HARVESTING and KITCHEN  

 
HARVESTING
Each plant will produce 1 pr 2 cops. Test for ripeness when the silk has turns chocolate brown. Pull back pat of the sheath and squeeze a couple of grains between thumbnail and fingernail. If a watery liquid squirts out then the cop is unripe. If the liquid is creamy than the cop is right for picking but if the liquid is thick and doughy you have waited too long.
Carefully twist off the ripe cop from the stem. Do this just before it is required for cooking.
 
KITCHEN
Country sayings emphasise the need to cook sweet corn as soon as possible after picking. According to the Americans “walk slowly to pick it, run back to the kitchen and cook it”.
Nearer home, the advice is to “take a pan with boiling water with you when you pick the cops. “.
Freshness, then, is all-important for top favour and so are two other tips - never add salt to the water and never boil for more as a few minutes if the cobs have been freshly picked. To prepare the cob, strip out the outer leaves cut off the stalk, and pull off the silks.
 
 
 
Text from The Vegetable & Herb  Expert D.D.G. Hessayon

 
 
6 MAZAO TAMU – 6-112 - KUVUNA na JIKO
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
 
KUVUNA
Kila mmea utatoa 1 pr 2 askari. Jaribu kuiva wakati hariri ina rangi ya chokoleti. Vuta nyuma papa la ala na ufinyue nafaka kadhaa kati ya ukucha na ukucha. Ikiwa kioevu cha maji kinatoka, basi askari huyo hajaiva. Ikiwa kioevu ni krimu kuliko askari ni sahihi kuokota lakini ikiwa kioevu ni kinene na cha unga umesubiri kwa muda mrefu sana.
Pindua kwa uangalifu polisi aliyeiva kutoka kwenye shina. Fanya hili kabla tu ya kuhitajika kwa kupikia.
 
JIKO
Maneno ya nchi yanasisitiza hitaji la kupika mahindi tamu haraka iwezekanavyo baada ya kuokota. Kulingana na Waamerika "tembea polepole ili kuichukua, kukimbia nyuma jikoni na kupika".
Karibu na nyumbani, ushauri ni “kuchukua sufuria yenye maji yanayochemka unapochukua askari. “.
Usafi, basi, ni muhimu sana kwa upendeleo wa hali ya juu na vile vile vidokezo vingine viwili - usiongeze chumvi kwenye maji na usichemke kwa dakika chache ikiwa mabuzi yamechujwa. Ili kuandaa kisu, ng'oa majani ya nje kata bua, na uvute hariri.

6 SWEET CORN – 6.113 - TROUBLES

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
6 SWEET CORN – 6.113 - TROUBLES   

 
SMUT
Lage galls (“smut balls”) appear on the cobs and stalk in hot and dry weather. These galls should be cut off and burnet as soon as they are seen, or they will burst open and release a mass of black spores.  Burn all plants after harvesting and do not grow sweet corn on the site for at last 3 years.
 FRIT FLY
Frit Fly maggots bore into the growing points of corn seedlings which then develop twisted and ragged leaves. Growth is stunted and undersized cobs are produced. Control measures are not generally worthwhile – grow the seedlings in pots under glass until they reach the stage when they are not susceptible to Frit Fly attack.
Text from The Vegetable & Herb Expert D.D.G. Hessayon

 
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6 MAHINDI TAMU – 6.113 - SHIDA
 
SMUT
Nyongo ("mipira ya smut") huonekana kwenye mahindi na bua katika hali ya hewa ya joto na kavu. Nyongo hizi zinapaswa kukatwa na kuchomwa moto mara tu zinapoonekana, au zitapasuka na kutoa wingi wa spores nyeusi. Choma mimea yote baada ya kuvuna na usikuze nafaka tamu kwenye tovuti kwa miaka 3 iliyopita.
 FRIT FLY
Funza aina ya Frit Fly walitoboa kwenye sehemu zinazootesha za miche ya mahindi ambayo baadaye huota majani yaliyopotoka na chakavu. Ukuaji umedumaa na mahindi yenye ukubwa wa chini hutolewa. Hatua za kudhibiti hazifai kwa ujumla - zioteshe miche kwenye vyungu vilivyo chini ya glasi hadi ifike hatua ambayo haishambuliwi na Frit Fly.

6 SWEET POTATOES – 6.86 - PLANT FACTS and VARIETIES

  
ORGANIC FARMING CURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
6 SWEET POTATOES – 6.86 - PLANT FACTS and VARIETIES

 All You Need to Know About Sweet Potato Farming in Kenya
Introduction to Sweet Potato Farming in Kenya
Sweet potatoes farming in Kenya, or Ipomoea batatas, are now Kenya’s top crops. They resist drought and are vital for food and economic stability. These crops provide steady income for small farmers and increase market food supply. Kenya yields about 871,000 tons of sweet potatoes annually. This boosts rural wealth and ensures a national food supply. Their adaptability suits both small and large farms, for fresh sale or processing.
Moreover, orange-fleshed varieties are rich in Vitamin A, fighting malnutrition in at-risk groups. Thus, sweet potatoes not only improve nutrition but also empower farmers. They are key to Kenya’s agricultural and socio-economic growth.
 
Overview of Sweet Potato Farming in Kenya
Kenya’s food security achieves dependence on sweet potatoes and its economy mainly benefits small farmers. This crop cultivates both food and livelihoods in poor rural areas. It is a pillar of the nation’s food strategy. Sweet potatoes of the orange-fleshed type are rich in vitamin A. They constitute essential food to combating malnutrition for many families. They also grow under varied climates and suit different parts of Kenya.
 
Key Advantages:
Quick maturity (3-6 months); Drought tolerance; Minimal input requirements;
Year-round cultivation potential;
 
SWEET Potatoes are generally an easy crop to farm due to their low capital intensity and applicability on small tracts of land.
 
 
Sweet Potato Varieties in Kenya
1. Kabode
High Vitamin A content; Best suited for warm climatic regions; Maturity period: 4-5 months; Average yield: 15-20 tons/hectare; Disease resistance: Moderate to high
Ideal regions: Western, Nyanza, and Coast regions:

 
2. Vitaa
Rich in beta-carotene; Sweet taste profile; Requires consistent rainfall
Maturity period: 4-6 months; Average yield: 18-25 tons/hectare
Best suited for: Medium to high altitude areas; Popular in: Central and Western regions
 
3. Beauregard
Exceptional adaptability to various climates; High commercial value
Maturity period: 3-4 months; Average yield: 20-30 tons/hectare
Disease resistance: Good; Suitable for: Most Kenyan agricultural zones:
 

 
4. SPK004 (KALRO Variety)
Locally developed by KALRO; Strong disease resistance; Maturity period: 4-5 months
Average yield: 15-18 tons/hectare; Ideal for small-scale farming; Best performance: Medium altitude areas:
 

 
5. KEMB 36
Enhanced pest and disease resistance; Consistent yield performance
Maturity period: 4-5 months; Average yield: 16-22 tons/hectare
Adaptable to various soil types; Recommended for: All major agricultural zones
 
6. Tainung
Taiwanese origin; Large tuber size; High market demand
Maturity period: 4-6 months; Average yield: 18-25 tons/hectare;
Soil adaptability: Excellent; Popular in: Eastern and Central regions:
 

 

Variety	Key Characteristics	Ideal Regions
Kabode	High Vitamin A, warm climates	Western, Nyanza, Coast
Vitaa	Beta-carotene rich, sweet	Central, Western
Beauregard	Adaptable, high commercial value	Most regions
SPK004	KALRO variety, disease-resistant	Medium altitude
KEMB 36	Pest and disease resistant	All major zones
Tainung 1	Large tubers, high market demand	Eastern, Central

 
 
MORE INFOS: Be more successful with AGRO-ECONOMY.
Click on LEVEL 4: Reach 4 times more yields with irrigation and little machines.
https://atlas-development.blogspot.com  consultant agro economy course
 
See the LEVEL 3:  FOOD FOREST COURSE, Agroforestry, Syntropic,
https://food-forest-course.blogspot.com 
 
See the LEVEL 2:  PERMACULTURE COURSE
140 Lessons THE STANDARD
https://permaculture-course.blogspot.com
 
Find the LEVEL 1: ORGANIC FARMING COURSE, in fb
750 lessons the BASICS easy start into Organic Farming.
https:// www.facebook.com/FAIREC-Atlas-Developement-SARL-654505228040366/
 
Now in progress all 750 lessons with crops, herbs, and fruit info in English and Swahili
https://organic-course-swali.blogspot.com  
 
See the LEVEL 0:  For successful SMART FARMING see 80 lessons about AGRIBUSINESS and 70 lessons about perfect irrigation SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION.
We supply this in Western Kenya. Please send us your request, when you will double your yield to 3, 4, 5 $ per m² per season, and we plan your farm activities. 
Save 50% water, energy and use MORGANICS SEAWEED FERTILIZER from us, see under ..
https://smart-farming-solutions.blogspot.com
#organicfarmer #organic #organicfarmingpractices #organicfarming #organicfarm #foodforest #syntropic #agroecology #syntropicfarming #agroeconomy #introductiontopermaculture #permacultureprinciples #creativethinking #permaculturehomesteading #regenerativefuture #Ubuntu #United4Land
 
KILIMO HAI CHALAANI KILIMO-UCHUMI
VIAZI 6 VITAMU – 6.86 - UKWELI WA MIMEA NA AINA AINA
 
Unayohitaji Kujua Kuhusu Kilimo cha Viazi Vitamu nchini Kenya
Utangulizi wa Kilimo cha Viazi Vitamu nchini Kenya
Kilimo cha viazi vitamu nchini Kenya, au Ipomoea batatas, sasa ni zao kuu nchini Kenya. Wanapinga ukame na ni muhimu kwa chakula na utulivu wa kiuchumi. Mazao haya hutoa mapato ya kutosha kwa wakulima wadogo na kuongeza usambazaji wa chakula sokoni. Kenya hutoa takriban tani 871,000 za viazi vitamu kila mwaka. Hii inakuza utajiri wa vijijini na kuhakikisha usambazaji wa chakula wa kitaifa. Kubadilika kwao kunafaa kwa shamba ndogo na kubwa, kwa uuzaji au usindikaji mpya.
Zaidi ya hayo, aina za rangi ya chungwa zina vitamini A nyingi, zinazopambana na utapiamlo katika vikundi vilivyo hatarini. Hivyo, viazi vitamu sio tu kwamba vinaboresha lishe bali pia vinawawezesha wakulima. Wao ni muhimu kwa ukuaji wa kilimo na kijamii na kiuchumi wa Kenya.
 
Muhtasari wa Kilimo cha Viazi Vitamu nchini Kenya
Usalama wa chakula wa Kenya unafikia utegemezi wa viazi vitamu na uchumi wake unanufaisha wakulima wadogo. Zao hili hulima chakula na riziki katika maeneo duni ya vijijini. Ni nguzo ya mkakati wa chakula wa taifa. Viazi vitamu vya aina ya chungwa vina vitamini A kwa wingi. Ni chakula muhimu katika kupambana na utapiamlo kwa familia nyingi. Pia hukua chini ya hali ya hewa tofauti na inafaa sehemu tofauti za Kenya.
 
Faida Muhimu:
Ukomavu wa haraka (miezi 3-6); Uvumilivu wa ukame; Mahitaji ya chini ya pembejeo;
Uwezo wa kilimo wa mwaka mzima;
 
Viazi vitamu kwa ujumla ni zao ambalo ni rahisi kulima kutokana na mtaji wake mdogo na kutumika katika maeneo madogo ya ardhi.
 
Aina za Viazi Vitamu nchini Kenya
1. Kabode
Kiasi kikubwa cha vitamini A; Inafaa zaidi kwa mikoa yenye hali ya hewa ya joto; Kipindi cha kukomaa: miezi 4-5; Mavuno ya wastani: tani 15-20 kwa hekta; Upinzani wa magonjwa: Wastani hadi juu
Mikoa inayofaa: Mikoa ya Magharibi, Nyanza, na Pwani:
 
2. Vitaa
Tajiri katika beta-carotene; Profaili ya ladha tamu; Inahitaji mvua thabiti
Kipindi cha kukomaa: miezi 4-6; Wastani wa mavuno: tani 18-25 kwa hekta
Inafaa zaidi kwa: Maeneo ya mwinuko wa kati hadi juu; Maarufu katika: Mikoa ya Kati na Magharibi
 
3. Beauregard
Uwezo wa kipekee wa kukabiliana na hali ya hewa mbalimbali; Thamani ya juu ya kibiashara
Kipindi cha kukomaa: miezi 3-4; Mavuno ya wastani: tani 20-30 kwa hekta
Upinzani wa magonjwa: Nzuri; Inafaa kwa: Kanda nyingi za kilimo za Kenya:
 
4. SPK004 (Aina ya KALRO)
Iliyoundwa ndani na KALRO; Upinzani mkubwa wa magonjwa; Kipindi cha kukomaa: miezi 4-5
Mavuno ya wastani: tani 15-18 kwa hekta; Inafaa kwa kilimo kidogo; Utendaji bora: Maeneo ya mwinuko wa kati:
 
5. KEMB 36
Kuimarisha upinzani wa wadudu na magonjwa; Utendaji wa mavuno thabiti
Kipindi cha kukomaa: miezi 4-5; Wastani wa mavuno: tani 16-22 kwa hekta
Inafaa kwa aina mbalimbali za udongo; Imependekezwa kwa: Kanda zote kuu za kilimo
 
6. Tainung
asili ya Taiwan; Saizi kubwa ya mizizi; Mahitaji ya juu ya soko
Kipindi cha kukomaa: miezi 4-6; Mavuno ya wastani: tani 18-25 / hekta;
Kubadilika kwa udongo: Bora; Maarufu katika: Mikoa ya Mashariki na Kati:
 
Sifa Muhimu Mbalimbali Mikoa Bora
Kabode High Vitamin A, hali ya hewa ya joto Magharibi, Nyanza, Pwani
Vitaa Beta-carotene tajiri, tamu Kati, Magharibi
Beauregard Inaweza kubadilika, thamani ya juu ya kibiashara Mikoa mingi
Aina ya SPK004 KALRO, Mwinuko wa kati unaostahimili magonjwa
KEMB 36 Inastahimili wadudu na magonjwa Kanda zote kuu
Tainung 1 Mizizi mikubwa, mahitaji ya soko la juu Mashariki, Kati

6 SWEET POTATOES – 6.87 - LOVE THE SUMMER HEAT

 
ORGANIC FARMING CURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
6 SWEET POTATOES – 6.87 - LOVE THE SUMMER HEAT

 
Sweet Potatoes are different from your normal Potato, as they love the hot summer heat. Most Potatoes die off in the summer heat, but that is when your Sweet Potatoes will thrive. Sweet potato flesh is classified as moist or dry. Moist, deep orange types are sometimes called yams; the most popular varieties for home gardens are moist types, including Centennial and Georgia Jet.
Sweet potatoes are grown worldwide, from tropical regions to temperate climates. This warm-weather crop is remarkably nutritious and versatile. Each fleshy root is rich in vitamins A and C, along with many important minerals. Use them raw, boiled, or baked, in soups, casseroles, desserts, breads, or stir-fries—and don't forget to try some homemade sweet potato fries!
 
PLANTING
Sweet potatoes will grow in poor soil, but roots may be deformed in heavy clay or long
and stringy in sandy soil. To create the perfect environment, build long, wide, 10-inch-high ridges spaced 3½ feet apart. (A 10-foot row will produce 8 to 10 pounds of potatoes.) Work in plenty of organic compost, avoiding nitrogen-rich fertilizers that produce lush vines and stunted tubes. In the North, cover the raised rows with black plastic to keep the soil warm and promote strong growth.
It's best to plant root sprouts, called slips, which are available from nurseries and mail-order suppliers. Or you can grow your own, by saving a few roots from your previous crop or by buying untreated roots (store-bought sweet potatoes are often waxed to prevent sprouting).
About six weeks before it's time to plant sweet potatoes outdoors in your area, place the roots in a box of moist sand, sawdust, or chopped leaves in a warm spot 21 to 25 degree. Shoots will sprout, and when they reach 6 to 9 inches long, cut them off the root. Remove and dispose of the bottom inch from each slip, as that portion sometimes harbours disease organisms.
 
Sweet potatoes mature in 90 to 170 days and are extremely frost sensitive. Plant in full sun 3 to 4 weeks after the last frost when the soil has warmed. Make holes 6 inches deep and 12 inches apart. Bury slips up to the top leaves, press the soil down gently but firmly, and water well.
If you're not using black plastic, mulch the vines 2 weeks after planting to smother weeds, conserve moisture, and keep the soil loose for root development. Occasionally lift longer vines to keep them from rooting at the joints, or they will put their energy into forming many undersized tubers at each rooted area rather than ripening the main crop at the base of the plant. Otherwise, handle plants as little as possible to prevent wounds that might be invaded by disease spores.
If the weather is dry, provide 1 inch of water a week until 2 weeks before harvesting, then let the soil dry out a bit. Don't over water, or the plants—which can withstand dry spells better than rainy ones—may rot.
 
HARVESTING
You can harvest as soon as leaves start to yellow, but the longer a crop is left in the ground, the higher the yield and vitamin content. Once frost blackens the vines, however, tubers can quickly rot.
Use a spading fork to dig tubers on a sunny day when the soil is dry. Remember that tubers can grow a foot or more from the plant, and that any nicks on their tender skins will encourage spoilage. Dry tubers in the sun for several hours, then move them to a well-ventilated spot and keep at -5 C. to 0 degrees C.  for 10 to 15 days.
After they are cured, store at around 13 degrees C., with a humidity of 75 to 80 percent.
 

 
KILIMO HAI CHALAANI KILIMO-UCHUMI VIAZI
6 VITAMU – 6.87 - PENDA JOTO LA MAJIRA
 
Viazi vitamu ni tofauti na Viazi vyako vya kawaida, kwa vile vinapenda joto kali la kiangazi. Viazi nyingi hufa kwenye joto la kiangazi, lakini hapo ndipo Viazi vyako vitamu vitastawi. Nyama ya viazi vitamu imeainishwa kama unyevu au kavu. Aina ya machungwa yenye unyevunyevu wakati mwingine huitwa viazi vikuu; aina maarufu zaidi kwa bustani za nyumbani ni aina za unyevu, ikiwa ni pamoja na Centennial na Georgia Jet.
Viazi vitamu hupandwa ulimwenguni pote, kutoka mikoa ya tropiki hadi hali ya hewa ya joto. Zao hili la hali ya hewa ya joto ni la lishe na lina uwezo wa kutosha. Kila mizizi yenye nyama ina vitamini A na C nyingi, pamoja na madini mengi muhimu. Zitumie zikiwa mbichi, zilizochemshwa, au kuokwa, katika supu, bakuli, vipodozi, mikate, au kukaanga—na usisahau kujaribu viazi vitamu vilivyotengenezwa nyumbani!
 
KUPANDA
Viazi vitamu vitakua kwenye udongo duni, lakini mizizi inaweza kuharibika kwenye udongo mzito au mirefu
na stringy katika udongo wa mchanga. Ili kuunda mazingira bora, jenga matuta marefu, mapana, na urefu wa inchi 10 yaliyotenganishwa kwa futi 3½. (Safu ya futi 10 itazalisha pauni 8 hadi 10 za viazi.) Fanya kazi katika mbolea ya kikaboni kwa wingi, ukiepuka mbolea zenye nitrojeni nyingi zinazozalisha mizabibu nyororo na mirija iliyodumaa. Upande wa Kaskazini, funika safu zilizoinuliwa kwa plastiki nyeusi ili kuweka udongo joto na kukuza ukuaji wa nguvu.
Ni bora kupanda miche ya mizizi, inayoitwa slips, ambayo inapatikana kutoka kwa vitalu na wauzaji wa kuagiza barua. Au unaweza kukua mwenyewe, kwa kuokoa mizizi michache kutoka kwa mazao yako ya awali au kwa kununua mizizi ambayo haijatibiwa (viazi vitamu vya duka mara nyingi hutiwa nta ili kuzuia kuchipua).
Takriban wiki sita kabla ya wakati wa kupanda viazi vitamu nje katika eneo lako, weka mizizi kwenye sanduku la mchanga wenye unyevunyevu, vumbi la mbao au majani yaliyokatwakatwa katika sehemu yenye joto nyuzi 21 hadi 25. Shina zitachipuka, na zikifikia urefu wa inchi 6 hadi 9, zikate mzizi. Ondoa na uondoe inchi ya chini kutoka kwa kila kipande, kwani sehemu hiyo wakati mwingine huhifadhi viumbe vya magonjwa.
 
Viazi vitamu hukomaa baada ya siku 90 hadi 170 na ni nyeti sana kwa theluji. Panda kwenye jua kali wiki 3 hadi 4 baada ya baridi ya mwisho wakati udongo umepata joto. Tengeneza mashimo yenye kina cha inchi 6 na inchi 12 kutoka kwa kila mmoja. Zika huteleza hadi kwenye majani ya juu, bonyeza udongo chini kwa upole lakini kwa uthabiti, na maji vizuri.
Ikiwa hutumii plastiki nyeusi, tandaza mizabibu wiki 2 baada ya kupanda ili kuzuia magugu, kuhifadhi unyevu, na kuweka udongo kuwa huru kwa ukuaji wa mizizi. Mara kwa mara inua mizabibu mirefu ili kuzuia mizizi kwenye viungio, au itaweka nguvu zake katika kutengeneza mizizi mingi isiyo na ukubwa katika kila eneo lenye mizizi badala ya kuiva zao kuu kwenye msingi wa mmea. Vinginevyo, shughulikia mimea kidogo iwezekanavyo ili kuzuia majeraha ambayo yanaweza kuvamiwa na spores za ugonjwa.
Ikiwa hali ya hewa ni kavu, toa inchi 1 ya maji kwa wiki hadi wiki 2 kabla ya kuvuna, kisha acha udongo ukauke kidogo. Usinywe maji kupita kiasi, au mimea—ambayo inaweza kustahimili vipindi vya ukame bora kuliko mvua—inaweza kuoza.
 
KUVUNA
Unaweza kuvuna mara tu majani yanapoanza kuwa ya manjano, lakini kadiri mazao yanavyoachwa ardhini, ndivyo mavuno yanavyoongezeka na maudhui ya vitamini. Mara tu baridi inapofanya mizabibu kuwa nyeusi, hata hivyo, mizizi inaweza kuoza haraka.
Tumia uma kuchimba mizizi siku ya jua wakati udongo umekauka. Kumbuka kwamba mizizi inaweza kukua kwa futi moja au zaidi kutoka kwa mmea, na kwamba nick yoyote kwenye ngozi zao laini itachochea kuharibika. Kausha mizizi kwenye jua kwa saa kadhaa, kisha uisogeze hadi mahali penye hewa ya kutosha na uihifadhi kwa nyuzi joto -5 C. hadi 0 kwa siku 10 hadi 15. Baada ya kuponywa, hifadhi kwa karibu 14 ° C. digrii, na unyevu wa asilimia 75 hadi 80.

6 SWISS CHARD – 6.89 – PLANT FACTS and SOIL

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

6 SWISS CHARD – 6.89 – PLANT FACTS and SOIL

6 SWISS CHARD – 6.90 - CULTIVATION

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
6 SWISS CHARD – 6.90 - CULTIVATION

 
planting requirements
1. When planting Swiss chard, choose a location that will receive partial to full sun exposure and plant once the soil is at least 40 degrees Fahrenheit. It's not necessary to add fertilizer at this point, but you can incorporate about 2 inches of organic matter into the planting area if you prefer. You can grow Swiss chard from seed or as transplants. Plant the seeds about 1 inch deep and about 2 to 6 inches apart. For transplants, space them 6 to 12 inches apart. Once the seeds become seedlings, thin them out to 6 to 12 inches apart. Apply a 1 or 2 inch layer of mulch around the base of the plants to retain soil moisture.
irrigation requirements
1. Swiss chard likes a lot of moisture, but the soil should not be damp, as this can lead to rot and fungal diseases. Water the plants regularly, keeping the soil moist at a depth of 1 inch. Reduce watering in wet weather and increase in hot, dry periods.
fertilizer needs
1. Chard grows in poor soil conditions, but an application of organic nitrogen fertilizer can help increase leaf growth about two weeks after planting. You can use an organic fertilizer like Blood Meal (12-0-0) around the base of the plants. Apply the blood meal at a rate of 1 tablespoon per square foot and rake into the top 1 to 3 inches of soil, then water the soil to fully incorporate.
pest control
1.       Chard is not very susceptible to pests, but is occasionally attacked by flea beetles, aphids and leaf miners. You can identify flea beetles by their black appearance and jumping movements. Aphids are small, with different colours and pear-shaped bodies. Miner flies are grey and 1/2 inch long, and they lay eggs on the undersides of the leaves. You can treat flea beetles, aphids, and leaf miners with a weekly application of premixed insecticidal soap until they're gone. Leaf miners are more difficult to control. You should remove and discard any infected leaves and treat the chard with 4 tablespoons of concentrated Spinosad mixed with 1 gallon of water in a garden or hose sprayer. Spray the chard thoroughly and coat all parts of the leaves. Reapply every two or three days if needed. Because it has low toxicity, you can harvest the leaves 24 hours after application, but wash them first before eating after using an insecticide.
 
 
 
MORE INFOS and the links I will send you when you write me on PM:
Be more successful with AGRO-ECONOMY COURSE
LEVEL 4: Reach 4 times more yields with irrigation and little machines.
We help you as consultant in AGRO ECONOMY. For 15% commission.
LEVEL 3:  FOOD FOREST COURSE, 150 lessons Agroforestry, Syntropic,
LEVEL 2:  PERMACULTURE COURSE 140 lessons THE STANDARD.
LEVEL 1:  ORGANIC FARMING COURSE, in fb
700 lessons the BASICS of Organic Farming. Join in on ..
https:// www.facebook.com/FAIREC-Atlas-Developement-SARL-654505228040366/
 
In progress all lessons with crops, herbs, and fruit in English and Swahili in my blog.
LEVEL 0:  Save daily 50 % water, energy, and fertilizer with us. See 70 lessons best
SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION for crops and trees. Use our best T-Tape.
See INDIAN best quality 2-Wheel Tractors and weeders in 420 and 600 mm width.
 
Find my lessons in the following hashtags:
#organicfarmer #organic #organicfarmingpractices #organicfarming #organicfarm #foodforest #syntropic #agroecology #syntropicfarming #agroeconomy #introductiontopermaculture #permacultureprinciples #creativethinking #permaculturehomesteading #regenerativefuture #Ubuntu #United4Land
 
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6 SWISS CHADI – 6.112 - KILIMO
 
mahitaji ya kupanda
1. Unapopanda chard ya Uswisi, chagua eneo ambalo litapata mwanga wa jua kwa kiasi kidogo na upande udongo unapokuwa na angalau nyuzi 40 za Fahrenheit. Sio lazima kuongeza mbolea katika hatua hii, lakini unaweza kuingiza kuhusu inchi 2 za viumbe hai kwenye eneo la kupanda ikiwa unapendelea. Unaweza kukuza chard ya Uswizi kutoka kwa mbegu au kama vipandikizi. Panda mbegu kwa kina cha inchi 1 na umbali wa inchi 2 hadi 6. Kwa vipandikizi, viweke kwa umbali wa inchi 6 hadi 12. Mara tu mbegu zinapokuwa na miche, zipunguze kwa umbali wa inchi 6 hadi 12. Weka safu ya inchi 1 au 2 ya matandazo kuzunguka msingi wa mimea ili kuhifadhi unyevu wa udongo.
mahitaji ya umwagiliaji
1. Uswisi chard hupenda unyevu mwingi, lakini udongo haupaswi kuwa na unyevu, kwa sababu hii inaweza kusababisha kuoza na magonjwa ya vimelea. Mwagilia mimea mara kwa mara, ukiweka udongo unyevu kwa kina cha inchi 1. Kupunguza kumwagilia katika hali ya hewa ya mvua na kuongezeka kwa joto na kavu.
mahitaji ya mbolea
1. Chard hukua katika hali mbaya ya udongo, lakini uwekaji wa mbolea ya nitrojeni hai inaweza kusaidia kuongeza ukuaji wa majani takriban wiki mbili baada ya kupanda. Unaweza kutumia mbolea ya kikaboni kama Mlo wa Damu (12-0-0) kuzunguka msingi wa mimea. Omba mlo wa damu kwa kiwango cha kijiko 1 kwa kila futi ya mraba na uweke kwenye udongo wa juu wa inchi 1 hadi 3, kisha umwagilia udongo ili kuingiza kikamilifu.
udhibiti wa wadudu
1. Chard haishambuliwi sana na wadudu, lakini mara kwa mara hushambuliwa na mende wa flea, aphids na wachimbaji wa majani. Unaweza kutambua mende kwa kuonekana kwao nyeusi na harakati za kuruka. Aphids ni ndogo, na rangi tofauti na miili ya umbo la pear. Nzi wa kuchimba madini wana rangi ya kijivu na urefu wa inchi 1/2, na hutaga mayai kwenye upande wa chini wa majani. Unaweza kutibu mende, vidukari na wachimbaji wa majani kwa upakaji wa kila wiki wa sabuni ya kuua wadudu iliyochanganywa hadi watoweke. Wachimbaji wa majani ni wagumu zaidi kudhibiti. Unapaswa kuondoa na kutupa majani yoyote yaliyoambukizwa na kutibu chard kwa vijiko 4 vya Spinosad iliyokolea iliyochanganywa na galoni 1 ya maji kwenye bustani au kinyunyizio cha bomba. Nyunyiza chard vizuri na upake sehemu zote za majani. Omba tena kila siku mbili au tatu ikiwa inahitajika. Kwa sababu ina sumu ya chini, unaweza kuvuna majani saa 24 baada ya maombi, lakini safisha kwanza kabla ya kula baada ya kutumia dawa.