6 TOMATOES, OUTDOOR – 6.72 - HARVESTING and KITCHEN

 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
HARVESTING

6 TOMATOES, OUTDOOR – 6.72 - HARVESTING and KITCHEN

Pick the fruits when they are ripe and fully coloured. Hold the tomato in your pa  
lm and with your thump brake off the fruit at the ‘knuckle’ (swelling on the flower stalk).
At the end of the season the stems can be removed from the canes and laid under cloches on a bed of straw. An easier way to ripen green fruit is to place them as a layer and put them in a drawer. Net to the tray set a couple of ripe apples to generate to generate the ripening gas ethylene.
Tomatoes for the market, where they lay a couple of days should be picked up a bit earlier. So the dealers can have a week to sell them on best quality.
 
IN THE KITCHEN
It is true that a tomato picked from the plant will taste better than the fruit of the same variety bought in the supermarket, but a home-grown money-maker will have none of the ‘real’ tomato taste of shop-bought Gardeners Delight.
Variety is all important and you should check that your choice is recommended for its flavour. Most garden tomatoes are used for salads or for grilling and frying – simple methods of preparation for one of our favourite vegetables. Bite-sized should be served whole but slicing or quartering are the usual methods on the preparation on the salad plate. Simply add French dressing or else make a tomato-salad fit for a gourmet – sprinkle salt and freshly ground pepper over the slides , add a little sugar and then cover with shopped basil or a mixture of parsley or chieves.
 

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6, NJE – 6.72 - KUVUNA na JIKO
 
KUVUNA
Chagua matunda yakiwa yameiva na kuwa na rangi kamili. Shikilia nyanya kwenye kiganja chako na kwa pigo lako vunja tunda kwenye ‘knuckle’ (kuvimba kwenye shina la maua).
Mwishoni mwa msimu, shina zinaweza kuondolewa kutoka kwa miwa na kuweka chini ya vifungo kwenye kitanda cha majani. Njia rahisi ya kuiva matunda ya kijani ni kuwaweka kama safu na kuwaweka kwenye droo. Wavu kwenye trei weka tufaha kadhaa zilizoiva ili kuzalisha gesi inayoiva ethilini.
Nyanya kwa soko, ambapo huweka siku kadhaa zinapaswa kuchukuliwa mapema. Kwa hivyo wafanyabiashara wanaweza kuwa na wiki ya kuziuza kwa ubora bora.
 
JIKONI
Ni kweli kwamba nyanya iliyochunwa kwenye mmea huo itaonja vizuri zaidi kuliko tunda la aina ile ile iliyonunuliwa katika duka kubwa, lakini mtengeneza pesa wa nyumbani hatakuwa na ladha ya nyanya ‘halisi’ ya Bustani inayonunuliwa dukani.
Aina zote ni muhimu na unapaswa kuangalia kuwa chaguo lako linapendekezwa kwa ladha yake. Nyanya nyingi za bustani hutumiwa kwa saladi au kwa kuchoma na kaanga - njia rahisi za maandalizi kwa moja ya mboga zetu zinazopenda. Ukubwa wa bite unapaswa kutumiwa nzima lakini kukata au kukata sehemu ni njia za kawaida za maandalizi kwenye sahani ya saladi. Ongeza tu mavazi ya Kifaransa au vinginevyo fanya saladi ya nyanya kwa gourmet - nyunyiza chumvi na pilipili safi ya kusaga juu ya slaidi, kuongeza sukari kidogo na kisha kufunika na basil ya duka au mchanganyiko wa parsley au chieves.

 

6 TOMATOES, OUTDOOR – 6.73 - TROUBLES

 
 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
6 TOMATOES, OUTDOOR – 6.73 - TROUBLES   

 
Diseases and disorder are much more important than insect pests – outdoor tomatoes are much less susceptible than crops grown under glass. Keep a careful watch and treat plants immediately symptoms appear.  Tomatoes require feeding with a specific fertilizer which is rich in potash in order to prevent undersized fruit on the upper trusses. Don’t overfeed – little and often is the secret.

1.       VIRUS: Destroy affected specimens, feed remaining plants.
PREVENTION: Try to buy virus free plants

.
2.       TOMATOE LEAF MOULD: Remove some of the lower leaves. No systematic sprays are available.

PREVENTION: Ventilate the greenhouse, especially at night.

3.      GREY MOULD: Cut out diseased areas and remove all rotting parts.

4.      PREVENTION: Reduce humidity by adequate ventilation. Remove decaying leaves and fruit. Avoid overcrowding. No systematic sprays are available.

5.      MAGNESIUM DIFFICIENCY: Spray with Epson salt. (1/2 oz/pint)or use a foliar spray containing magnesium.
PREVENTION: Use a fertilizer which contains magnesium (Mg).
 
There are more disease.. ask me on PM and send a photo. Best prevention is always companion planting with garlic

 
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6, NJE – 6.70 - UKWELI NA AINA ZA MIMEA
 
Katika maeneo mengi mazao ya nyanya yanahitaji ulinzi maalum - unaweza kukua mimea katika chafu au kulima aina ndogo katika fremu au chini ya cloches. Ikiwa hata hivyo, unaishi katika eneo lenye utulivu na kuna mahali pa kujikinga kutokana na upepo baridi kuliko unavyoweza kutarajia mazao ya kuridhisha katika bustani ya wazi katika majira mengi ya kiangazi.
 
Mazao ya nje yana faida zake - ladha ya matunda kwa ujumla ni bora na aina za kichaka huchukua kazi kubwa kutoka kwa nyanya kukua. Hata hivyo kuna mitego kadhaa kwa wasiokuwa na tahadhari hata kama upande wako ni joto na hifadhi. Kwanza kabisa, lazima uchague aina ambayo inapendekezwa kwa kukua nje - usinunue miche bila kuangalia ikiwa inafaa. Lazima pia uandae ardhi vizuri - nyanya zinahitaji udongo wenye rutuba ya humus. Hatimaye, kumbuka kuondoa sehemu ya kukua ya aina ya cordon wakati mmea bado ni mdogo sana - kuiacha ikue hadi urefu wake wa asili kutazuia nyanya kuiva. Kama unaweza kuona, kuna aina nyingi ambazo zinafaa kwa kilimo cha nje.
 
KUPANDA NA KUPANDA
Ikiwa unataka kupanda miche yako mwenyewe, mojawapo ya mbinu zilizoelezwa katika hadithi za chafu jinsi ya kufanya hivyo.
Vinginevyo, unaweza kununua miche ya nyanya kwa kupanda nje. Angalia madini ambayo ni ya kijani kibichi, imara na yenye urefu wa takriban inchi 8. Mimea hii mchanga inapaswa kupandwa kwenye sufuria.
 
Panda kwenye mifuko ya kukua, sufuria au shamba la mboga wakati maua ya truss ya kwanza yanaanza kufunguka. Mwagilia sufuria kabla ya kupanda na hakikisha kuwa sehemu ya juu ya udongo imewekwa chini ya uso wa udongo.
Utapata mazao bora ikiwa utatandaza karatasi nyeusi ya nailoni juu ya uso wa udongo na kupanda miche ya nyanya kupitia mpasuo wenye umbo la x.
 
AINA ZA CORDON Kuna aina zaidi ya 400, muulize muuzaji wa eneo lako anajua ni nini bora katika hali ya hewa yako…
 
Furaha ya mtunza bustani, Tamu 100, Marmande, Saint Pierre, Msichana wa nje, Hissston Mapema, Gemini, na kadhalika…
 
AINA ZA BUSH: The Amateur, Red Alert, Alfresco, Pixie , Sigma Bush na wengineo..
 
Aina hizi hurahisisha ukuaji wa nje. Ni vichaka vya urefu wa futi 1 hadi 1.1/2 au mimea inayotambaa isiyozidi inchi 9 kwa urefu. Hazihitaji kuunga mkono, kupunguza au kuacha na ni bora kwa maeneo ya karakana. Kikwazo kimoja ni kwamba matunda huwa yamefichwa, ambayo hufanya kuvuna kuwa ngumu zaidi kuliko aina za cordon. Majani au karatasi za plastiki lazima ziweke kuzunguka mimea kwani matunda mengi yako kwenye usawa wa ardhi.

6 TOMATOES - 6.74 – PREFERRING TOMATOES

 

 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
6 TOMATOES - 6.74 – PREFERRING TOMATOES

 
Preferring tomatoes: Four common mistakes beginners make all the time.
In the spring, the first tomato plants are brought forward on the windowsill. If you already make mistakes here, you may be making the effort in vain.
Tomatoes are undoubtedly one of the most popular plants in the vegetable garden. Young plants can also be bought in the garden trade, but if you prefer your tomato plants yourself and later plant them in the garden, you have a richer selection of tomato varieties. When sowing and cultivating tomato plants, however, beginners make the same mistakes again and again.

Avoid mistakes when growing tomatoes.

Mistakes in growing tomatoes can, in the worst case, result in the seeds not germinating at all or in the shoots developing only weakly or too late. Typical errors can be the following:

5 Mistakes Gardening Newbies Make and How to Avoid Them.
1. Sowing too late: Many hobby gardeners wait too long before growing tomatoes, sometimes until early summer. March is the ideal time to start sowing on the windowsill. If you start too late, you must expect a poorer harvest, since the perennials simply don't have the time to develop enough fruit.

2. Forget about sources: For the tomato seeds to germinate quickly, they need a lot of moisture. Many beginners forget to pre-soak the seed. All you must do is soak the tomato seeds in lukewarm water overnight. Some also swear by cooled chamomile tea, which is said to prevent germs and mould.

3. Press down the soil: After you have planted the tomato seeds in the potting soil, they are finally covered with a thin layer of sieved potting soil and pressed down very gently. It shouldn't be too hard; the soil must remain loose.

4. Watering incorrectly: Another classic beginner's mistake: Water the seeds with a watering can until the pots are completely soaked. Here it is sufficient to spray the soil lightly with water. The soil should then feel like a squeezed-out sponge. In this way, the seed is not accidentally washed away. Finally, to prevent mould growth, the soil can be covered with a thin layer of sand.
However, if the tomatoes are already grown in the garden, a successful harvest is by no means guaranteed. A lot can also go wrong when caring for tomato plants.
 

 
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 - 6.74 – KUPENDELEA NYANYA
 
Kupendelea nyanya: Makosa manne ya kawaida wanaoanza kufanya kila wakati.
Katika chemchemi, mimea ya kwanza ya nyanya huletwa mbele kwenye dirisha la madirisha. Ikiwa tayari unafanya makosa hapa, unaweza kuwa unafanya juhudi bure.
Nyanya bila shaka ni moja ya mimea maarufu zaidi katika bustani ya mboga. Mimea mchanga pia inaweza kununuliwa katika biashara ya bustani, lakini ikiwa unapendelea mimea yako ya nyanya mwenyewe na baadaye kuipanda kwenye bustani, una uteuzi mzuri wa aina za nyanya. Wakati wa kupanda na kulima mimea ya nyanya, hata hivyo, waanziaji hufanya makosa sawa tena na tena.

Epuka makosa wakati wa kupanda nyanya.
Makosa katika kukua nyanya yanaweza, katika hali mbaya zaidi, kusababisha mbegu zisizoota kabisa au katika shina zinazoendelea tu dhaifu au kuchelewa. Makosa ya kawaida yanaweza kuwa yafuatayo:

Makosa 5 ya Kutunza Bustani ya Watoto wachanga na Jinsi ya Kuepuka.
1. Kupanda kwa kuchelewa: Wapanda bustani wengi wa hobby husubiri kwa muda mrefu kabla ya kupanda nyanya, wakati mwingine hadi majira ya joto mapema. Machi ni wakati mzuri wa kuanza kupanda kwenye dirisha la madirisha. Ikiwa utaanza kuchelewa, lazima utarajie mavuno duni, kwani mimea ya kudumu haina wakati wa kukuza matunda ya kutosha.

2. Sahau kuhusu vyanzo: Ili mbegu za nyanya kuota haraka, zinahitaji unyevu mwingi. Waanzilishi wengi husahau kuloweka mbegu kabla. Unachotakiwa kufanya ni kuloweka mbegu za nyanya kwenye maji ya uvuguvugu kwa usiku mmoja. Wengine pia huapa kwa chai iliyopozwa ya chamomile, ambayo inasemekana kuzuia vijidudu na ukungu.

3. Kanda chini udongo: Baada ya kupanda mbegu za nyanya kwenye udongo wa chungu, hatimaye hufunikwa na safu nyembamba ya udongo wa kuchujwa na kukandamizwa chini kwa upole sana. Haipaswi kuwa ngumu sana; udongo lazima ubaki huru.

4. Kumwagilia vibaya: Kosa lingine la mwanzilishi wa kawaida: Mwagilia mbegu kwa kopo la kumwagilia hadi sufuria zilowe kabisa. Hapa inatosha kunyunyiza udongo kwa maji kidogo. Kisha udongo unapaswa kuhisi kama sifongo iliyobanwa. Kwa njia hii, mbegu haijaoshwa kwa bahati mbaya. Hatimaye, ili kuzuia ukuaji wa mold, udongo unaweza kufunikwa na safu nyembamba ya mchanga.

Hata hivyo, ikiwa nyanya tayari zimepandwa kwenye bustani, mavuno ya mafanikio hayana uhakika wowote. Mengi pia yanaweza kwenda vibaya wakati wa kutunza mimea ya nyanya.

6 TOMATOES - 6.75 – PRODUCTION GUIDE

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
6 TOMATOES - 6.75 – PRODUCTION GUIDE

 
SPACING
In row 30-35 cm, Interrow 1.5 m
 
DETERMINATE VARIETIES
Ultra quick, Star 9008, Zandra, Jam type/ oval shaped, Star 9062, Star 9063 Semi; Star 9009, 9011 (round), Star 9064, 9065 (jam)
 
INDETERMINATE
Round Star 9030; star 9037; Trinity; Star 9081, 9082 (saladette type)
 
Plant Marigold between the tomatoes and garlic around them

we sell Marigold plants for 50 Bob and seeds for 500 a package with 50...
 
FERTILIZER:
use manure 3 month before planting in a whole on 30 to 30 cm

 
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 - 6.75 – MWONGOZO WA UZALISHAJI
 
NAFASI
Katika mstari wa 30-35 cm, Interrow 1.5 m
 
AMUA AINA
Haraka sana, Star 9008, Zandra, Jam aina/ umbo la mviringo, Star 9062, Star 9063 Semi; Star 9009, 9011 (pande zote), Star 9064, 9065 (jam)
 
INDETERMINATE
Nyota ya pande zote 9030; nyota 9037; Utatu; Nyota 9081, 9082 (aina ya saladi)
 
Panda Marigold kati ya nyanya na vitunguu karibu nao
 
MBOLEA:
tumia samadi miezi 3 kabla ya kupanda kwa urefu wa cm 30 hadi 30

6 TOMATOES - 6.77 – COST PER ACRE

 ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY      

6 TOMATOES - 6.77 – COST PER ACRE 

 
1. Leasing Land Amount COST TOTAL COST
(Kshs.)
                       
1 Acre/3 Seasons 10,000.00/            33,333.33
2. Entrances
  Fertilizer D.A.P 200kg 70.00          14,000.00
  N.P.K 200kg               70.00            14,000.00
  C.A.N 200kg               70.00            14,000.00
  Chemicals
Result 1 liter                                             920.00
  Redomil Gold 1kg                                  900.00
  Thunder 1liter                                   6,000.00
  Dynamic 1liter                                     1,200.00
  Calmax 5liter                                     3,500.00
  Omex 2.5 liter                                    3,000.00
 
Fertilizer 8 tons 600.00                      4,800.00
  Transportation                                  5,000.00
Plant
Plants 11,000 pieces 2.00                  22,000.00
  Transportation                                  4,000.00
 
3. Capital investment
  2" high pressure pump
  1pc                             15,000.00       15,000.00
  2" PVC pipes + connectors
  – 20 pcs                       1,500.00        30,000.00
  Harvest boxes 6pcs     600.00          3,600.00
 
4. Work
  Ploughing ––           6,000.00       6,000.00
  Plants                        6,000.00         6,000.00
  Weeding 2 times        5,000.00       10,000.00
  Fertilizer Application 2,000.00         2,000.00
  Chemical
  Application –            5,000.00           5,000.00
  Staking And Pruning 4,000.00         4,000.00
  Irrigation –               10,000.00       10,000.00
 
5. Fuel –                    10,000.00       10,000.00
6. Transportation –   10,000.00       10,000.00
7. Advice –                  45,000.00      45,000.00
7. Other costs            15,000.00       15,000.00
 
TOTAL COST VARIATION 268,253.33
= ±50,000.00
 
MORE INFOS: Be more successful with AGRO-ECONOMY.
Click on LEVEL 4: Reach 4 times more yields with irrigation and little machines.
https://atlas-development.blogspot.com  consultant agro economy course
 
Posts abut AGRIBUSINESS for farmers and SACK GARDENING COURSE
you find on my Timeline. Come on friendship and you get a copy.
 
See the LEVEL 3:  FOOD FOREST COURSE, Agroforestry, Syntropic,
https://food-forest-course.blogspot.com 
See the LEVEL 2:  PERMACULTURE COURSE
140 Lessons THE STANDARD
https://permaculture-course.blogspot.com
Find the LEVEL 1: ORGANIC FARMING COURSE, in fb
250 lessons the BASICS of Organic Farming.
https:// www.facebook.com/FAIREC-Atlas-Developement-SARL-654505228040366/
 
See the LEVEL 0:  Save daily 50 % water, energy, and fertilizer with us. See 70 lessons best
SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION for crops and trees. Use our best T-Tape.
https://smart-farming-solutions.blogspot.com
See INDIAN best quality  2-Wheel Tractors and weeders in 420 and 600 mm width.
https://small-tractor-solutions.blogspot.com
 
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KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 - 6.77 – GHARAMA KWA EKARI
 
 
1. Kiasi cha Kukodisha Ardhi GHARAMA YA JUMLA
(Ksh.)
 
Ekari 1/3 Misimu         10,000.00/      33,333.33
2. Viingilio
 Mbolea D.A.P 200kg 70.00              14,000.00
 N.P.K 200kg              70.00              14,000.00
 C.A.N 200kg              70.00              14,000.00
 Kemikali
Matokeo lita 1                                   920.00
 Redomil Gold 1kg                             900.00
 Ngurumo 1lita                                  6,000.00
 Nguvu 1lita                                       1,200.00
 Calmax 5lita                                      3,500.00
 Omex 2.5 lita                                                3,000.00
 
Mbolea tani 8            600.00            4,800.00
 Usafiri                                               5,000.00
Panda
Mimea vipande          11,000 2.00     22,000.00
 Usafiri                                               4,000.00
 
3. Uwekezaji wa mitaji
 2" pampu ya shinikizo la juu
 1pc                             15,000.00       15,000.00
 2" mabomba ya PVC + viunganishi
 – pcs 20                     1,500.00         30,000.00
 Masanduku ya mavuno
6pcs    600.00            3,600.00
 
4. Kazi
 Kulima ––                  6,000.00        6,000.00
 Mimea                       6,000.00        6,000.00
 Palizi 2 mara              5,000.00         10,000.00
 Maombi ya Mbolea 2,000.00         2,000.00
 Kemikali
 Maombi -                   5,000.00         5,000.00
 Staking Na Kupogoa 4,000.00       4,000.00
 Umwagiliaji –            10,000.00       10,000.00
 
5. Mafuta -                  10,000.00       10,000.00
6. Usafiri -                   10,000.00       10,000.00
7. Ushauri -                 45,000.00      45,000.00
7. Gharama zingine   15,000.00       15,000.00
 
JUMLA YA GHARAMA 268,253.33
= ± 50,000.00

6 TOMATOES - 6.76 – DIFFERENT INFOS

 
 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY      
6 TOMATOES - 6.76 – DIFFERENT INFOS

 
TOMATOES (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Tomatoes are fruit vegetables widely grown in Kenya. The ripe fruit may be eaten raw, cooked or processed to make tomato sauces, juices and pastes.
Ecological Requirements
•Altitude: 0-2100 m above sea level.
•Rainfall: 700-1300 mm per annum.
•Soils: deep, fertile and well drained.
 
Varieties
•Fresh market varieties: Money maker, Marglobe, hundred fold, Beef eater, Hot set, Super marmande Ponderosa.
•Processing varieties: Kenya beauty, San -marzano, Roma, Heinz 13S0, Primabel, Rutgers hybrid
 
Nursery Practices
Choose a site which has not been grown Solanaceae crop in the last three years. Nursery beds are raised about 15cm above the ground level. Make drills (holes) of 20cm apart and 1cm deep drill and cover the seeds. Provide shade or mulch material. Water (irrigate) twice a day. Apply phosphatic fertilizers during planting.
Seedbed Preparation.
The land should be dug deeply to control weeds. Transplanting
 Seedlings are ready for transplanting when they are 10-15cm high after about one month.
Holes are made at a spacing of 60cm x 90cm. Apply 20gm of DSP in the planting hole. Transplant with a ball of soil around the roots. Apply mulch around each seedling. Transplanting is normally in the evening or on a cloudy day.
Field Management Practises.
•Early control of weeds is necessary. Top dressing is done after crop establishes. •Pruning and staking are done to train the plants to grow vertically.
 
Pests Control
•American Bollworm bores holes on the fruits. It should be controlled by spraying insecticides.
•Tobacco White Fly sucks plant sap from the underside of the leaf, hence may transmit viral diseases. It should be controlled by destroying the infected plant and spray insecticides.
 
Disease Control
•Late Blight is caused by Fungus. Symptoms includes dry patches on the leaves and fruits. It should be controlled , best is crop rotation and destruction of affected materials.
•Blossom-end Rot is caused by too much nitrogen in early stages and Irregular or infrequent watering.
•Calcium deficiency can be controlled by applying calcium ammonium nitrate.
Harvesting
•For canning. Fruits should be fully ripe.
•For fresh market. Fruits should be partially ripe and packed in crates to avoid damage. The fruits should be graded according to; size, colour, ripeness, free from blemishes.
 



KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 - 6.76 - TAARIFA TOFAUTI
 
NYANYA (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Nyanya ni mboga za matunda zinazokuzwa sana nchini Kenya. Matunda yaliyoiva yanaweza kuliwa yakiwa mabichi, kupikwa au kusindikwa ili kutengeneza michuzi ya nyanya, juisi na pastes.
Mahitaji ya Kiikolojia
•Muinuko: 0-2100 m juu ya usawa wa bahari.
•Mvua: 7S0-1300 mm kwa mwaka.
•Udongo: wenye kina kirefu, wenye rutuba na usio na maji.
Aina mbalimbali
•Aina mpya za soko: Money maker, Marglobe, mara mia, Mla nyama, Hot set, Super marmande Ponderosa.
•Aina za usindikaji: Kenya beauty, San -marzano, Roma, Heinz 13S0, Primabel, Rutgers hybrid
Mazoezi ya Kitalu
Chagua tovuti ambayo haijapandwa mmea wa Solanaceae katika miaka mitatu iliyopita. Vitanda vya kitalu vimeinuliwa karibu 15cm kutoka usawa wa ardhi. Tengeneza mashimo (mashimo) ya 20cm kutoka kwa umbali na 1cm kina na kufunika mbegu. Kutoa nyenzo za kivuli au matandazo. Maji (mwagilia) mara mbili kwa siku. Weka mbolea ya fosforasi wakati wa kupanda.
Maandalizi ya Kitanda cha Mbegu.
Ardhi inapaswa kuchimbwa kwa kina ili kudhibiti magugu. Kupandikiza
  Miche iko tayari kuatikwa ikiwa ina urefu wa 10-15cm baada ya mwezi mmoja hivi.
Mashimo hufanywa kwa nafasi ya 60cm x 90cm. Weka 20gm ya DSP kwenye shimo la kupandia. Pandikiza na mpira wa udongo kuzunguka mizizi. Weka matandazo kuzunguka kila mche. Kupandikiza kawaida hufanyika jioni au siku ya mawingu.
Mazoezi ya Usimamizi wa shamba.
•Udhibiti wa mapema wa magugu ni muhimu. Mavazi ya juu hufanywa baada ya mazao kuanzishwa. •Kupogoa na kuweka mshikamano hufanywa ili kutoa mafunzo kwa mimea kukua kwa wima.
Udhibiti wa Wadudu
•Bollworm wa Marekani hutoboa mashimo kwenye matunda. Inapaswa kudhibitiwa kwa kunyunyizia viua wadudu.
•Tobacco White Fly hufyonza utomvu wa mmea kutoka chini ya jani, hivyo basi huweza kuambukiza magonjwa ya virusi. Inapaswa kudhibitiwa kwa kuharibu mmea ulioambukizwa na kunyunyizia dawa za wadudu.
Udhibiti wa Magonjwa
•Late Blight husababishwa na Kuvu. Dalili ni pamoja na mabaka kavu kwenye majani na matunda. Inapaswa kudhibitiwa, bora ni mzunguko wa mazao na uharibifu wa nyenzo zilizoathirika.
•Blossom-end Rot husababishwa na nitrojeni nyingi katika hatua za awali na kumwagilia maji kwa utaratibu au mara kwa mara.
•Upungufu wa kalsiamu unaweza kudhibitiwa kwa kutumia calcium ammonium nitrate.
Kuvuna
•Kwa ajili ya kuweka makopo. Matunda yanapaswa kukomaa kabisa.
•Kwa soko jipya. Matunda yanapaswa kuwa yameiva na kufungwa kwenye masanduku ili kuepuka uharibifu. Matunda yanapaswa kupangwa kulingana na; ukubwa, rangi, ukomavu, usio na mawaa.