6 TOMATOES – 6.52 - VARIETIES IN EAST AFRICA

 

 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
6 TOMATOES – 6.52 - VARIETIES IN EAST AFRICA  

 

 
Tri-Borders Green Farmers Mandera County
Tomato Varieties and their yields in Kenya
There are categories of tomato varieties, namely determinate and indeterminate.
Determinate tomato varieties grow to a standard height of about 1metre. They stop growing when fruit starts forming on the top bud. The fruit from the plant ripens at approximately the same period (usually 7-14days). They stand on their own hence do not require staking for support.
Indeterminate tomatoes continue growing and producing fruits until it withers due to environmental factors such as drought and frost. This variety reaches heights of up to 2metres. Indeterminate will flower, set new fruit and ripen fruit all at the same time throughout the season. They require substantial staking for support.
 
Some of the common varieties of tomatoes grown in Kenya include;
 
Rio Grande-
This is a determinate variety that does very well in warm climates. It is a very popular tomato with rich deep red and sweet-tasting fruits. Some of the attributes Rio Grande variety holds include :
It can yield up to 18tonnes per acre
The Rio Grande matures in between 75–85 days.
It is tolerant to verticillium and fusarium wilt.
 
Assila F1-
This is a determinate variety that produces red coloured fruits with an oval shape and is known to be sweet. Other characteristics attributed to Assila F1 include;
 
Assila F1
 is an early maturing variety taking 75days to mature after transplanting.
It is tolerant to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and nematodes.
This variety can yield up to 23tonnes per acre.
It can be stored well and transported without much damage.
 
Kilele f1 –
This is a determinate variety suitable for growing in the drier or humid regions. Some of its attributes include;
This variety is tolerant to diseases such as Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus, Tomato Mosaic Virus, Verticillium, Fusarium Wilt, and Nematodes.
It matures in 75-85days after transplanting.
Kilele F1 can yield up to 35tonnes per acre.
Its fruit is firm and elongated. The fruit has a 21day shelf life, thereby giving you adequate time to seek its market.
 
Cal j –
this is a determinate variety that is open-pollinated. It produces red, blocky shaped fruits. Some of the other attributes of this variety include;
It matures in about 75–85 days after transplanting.
This variety has the potential to yield up to 12tonnes per acre
Cal J is also known for its easy transportability to the market
 
Anna F1-
Anna F1 falls in the category of indeterminate. It does well in both greenhouses and the open field. Some outstanding attributes for this variety include;
This variety matures in 75days.
Anna F1 has a yield of about 74tonnes per acre. It can yield up to 35kgs of tomatoes per plant
Anna f1's fruit is deep red, firm, and has an oval shape.
This variety has a high resistance to Alternaria stem canker, Verticillium, Fusarium wilt as well as nematodes.
 
Prostar F1 –
Prostar F1 is a hybrid indeterminate variety that does well in warm climates. It can be grown both outdoors or in a greenhouse. Some of its attributes include;
It takes between 80-85days to mature.
It can yield up to 180tonnes per acre.
This variety is tolerant to Leaf Curl Virus and Bacterial Wilt.
It has a long harvesting period and excellent keeping quality.
The choice of the variety that you should plant should be based on several factors that include;
The variety's disease resistance capability. Some varieties are resistant to diseases such as fusarium wilt and nematodes.
Whether the variety is hybrid or the open-pollinated one. Hybrid varieties give higher yields but are costly in terms of the cost of seeds.
 
Depending on your farm, you should also consider whether the variety is determinate, indeterminate, or semi-determinate. Indeterminate varieties will raise your costs of materials and labour as you will be required to build the supports for the plants.
Also, the fruit type in terms of shape, size, and colour. The fruit type is determined by market needs, whether it is processing or market buyers.
 

 
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 – 6.52 - AINA AINA ZA AFRIKA MASHARIKI
 
Wakulima wa Kijani wa Mipaka Mitatu Kaunti ya Mandera
Aina za Nyanya na mazao yake nchini Kenya
Kuna aina za aina za nyanya, ambazo ni determinate na indeterminate.
Aina za nyanya zilizobainishwa hukua hadi urefu wa kawaida wa takriban mita 1. Huacha kukua matunda yanapoanza kuota kwenye bud ya juu. Matunda kutoka kwa mmea hukomaa kwa takriban kipindi sawa (kawaida siku 7-14). Wanajisimamia wenyewe kwa hivyo hawahitaji stacking kwa msaada.
Nyanya zisizo na kipimo huendelea kukua na kutoa matunda hadi kunyauka kwa sababu ya mazingira kama vile ukame na baridi. Aina hii hufikia urefu wa hadi mita 2. Indeterminate itachanua, kuweka matunda mapya na kuiva matunda yote kwa wakati mmoja katika msimu mzima. Wanahitaji hisa kubwa kwa msaada.
Baadhi ya aina za kawaida za nyanya zinazolimwa nchini Kenya ni pamoja na;
 
Rio Grande-
Hii ni aina ya kuamua ambayo hufanya vizuri sana katika hali ya hewa ya joto. Ni nyanya maarufu sana yenye matunda mengi mekundu na yenye ladha tamu. Baadhi ya sifa ambazo aina ya Rio Grande inashikilia ni pamoja na:
Inaweza kutoa hadi tani 18 kwa ekari
Rio Grande hukomaa kati ya siku 75-85.
Inastahimili wilt ya verticillium na fusarium.
 
Assila F1-
Hii ni aina ya kuamua ambayo hutoa matunda ya rangi nyekundu yenye umbo la mviringo na inajulikana kuwa tamu. Sifa nyingine zinazohusishwa na Assila F1 ni pamoja na;
 
Asila F1
  ni aina inayokomaa mapema inayochukua siku 75 kukomaa baada ya kupandikiza.
Inastahimili Virusi vya Nyanya ya Manjano ya Kukunja na nematodi.
Aina hii inaweza kutoa hadi tani 23 kwa ekari.
Inaweza kuhifadhiwa vizuri na kusafirishwa bila uharibifu mkubwa.
 
Kilele f1 -
Hii ni aina maalum inayofaa kwa kukua katika maeneo kavu au yenye unyevunyevu. Baadhi ya sifa zake ni pamoja na;
Aina hii hustahimili magonjwa kama vile Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus, Tomato Mosaic Virus, Verticillium, Fusarium Wilt, na Nematodes.
Inakomaa katika siku 75-85 baada ya kupandikiza.
Kilele F1 inaweza kutoa hadi tani 35 kwa ekari.
Matunda yake ni madhubuti na marefu. Matunda yana maisha ya rafu ya siku 21, na hivyo kukupa wakati wa kutosha kutafuta soko lake.
 
Cal j -
hii ni aina bainifu ambayo inachavushwa wazi. Inazalisha matunda nyekundu, yenye umbo la kuzuia. Baadhi ya sifa nyingine za aina hii ni pamoja na;
Hukomaa takribani siku 75-85 baada ya kupandikizwa.
Aina hii ina uwezo wa kutoa hadi tani 12 kwa ekari
Cal J pia inajulikana kwa usafirishaji wake rahisi hadi sokoni
 
Anna F1-
Anna F1 iko katika jamii isiyojulikana. Inafanya vizuri katika greenhouses zote mbili na uwanja wazi. Baadhi ya sifa bora za aina hii ni pamoja na;
Aina hii hukomaa kwa siku 75.
Anna F1 ina mavuno ya takriban tani 74 kwa ekari. Inaweza kutoa hadi kilo 35 za nyanya kwa kila mmea
Tunda la Anna f1 ni jekundu sana, thabiti, na lina umbo la mviringo.
Aina hii ina ukinzani mkubwa wa ugonjwa wa Alternaria stem canker, Verticillium, Fusarium wilt pamoja na nematodes.
 
Prostar F1 -
Prostar F1 ni aina ya mseto isiyojulikana ambayo hufanya vizuri katika hali ya hewa ya joto. Inaweza kupandwa wote nje au katika chafu. Baadhi ya sifa zake ni pamoja na;
Inachukua kati ya siku 80-85 kukomaa.
Inaweza kutoa hadi tani 180 kwa ekari.
Aina hii inastahimili Virusi vya Curl ya Leaf na Bacterial Wilt.
Ina kipindi kirefu cha uvunaji na ubora bora wa kutunza.
Uchaguzi wa aina ambayo unapaswa kupanda inapaswa kuzingatia mambo kadhaa ambayo ni pamoja na;
Uwezo wa kupinga magonjwa ya aina mbalimbali. Baadhi ya aina hustahimili magonjwa kama vile fusarium wilt na nematodes.
Ikiwa aina ni mseto au ile iliyochavushwa wazi. Aina mseto hutoa mavuno mengi lakini ni ghali kulingana na gharama ya mbegu.
Kulingana na shamba lako, unapaswa pia kuzingatia ikiwa aina ni ya kuamua, isiyo na kipimo, au nusu-determinate. Aina zisizo na kipimo zitapandisha gharama zako za vifaa na kazi kwani utahitajika kujenga viunzi vya mimea.
Pia, aina ya matunda kulingana na sura, saizi na rangi. Aina ya matunda huamuliwa na mahitaji ya soko, iwe ni usindikaji au wanunuzi wa soko.
 

 

6 TOMATOES - 6.53 - PEPPERS HEALTHIER WITH EPSOM SALT

 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
6 TOMATOES - 6.53 - PEPPERS HEALTHIER WITH EPSOM SALT

 
Have you ever tried Epsom Salt in your Garden? You can use it as a soil amendment before seeding to give your garden a powerful boost from the start. Magnesium aids in seed germination and helps to strengthen cell walls, leading to more and stronger seedlings. For best results, use 1 cup of salt per 100 square feet of tilled soil or mix 1 – 2 tablespoons into the soil at the bottom of each hole before dropping in seeds.
 
Tomatoes
Should be fed Epsom salt twice as often as other plants. Also, because tomato vines are prone to calcium-deficiency (blossom end rot), the majority of tomato fertilizers contain calcium which will compete with magnesium for root absorption. Therefore, foliar feeding is the more efficient method for delivering magnesium to these plants. Water tomato vines with dissolved Epsom salt – 2 tablespoons per gallon of water, every 2 weeks.
 
Peppers are another popular garden plant with a higher-than average fruit to plant size ratio. Because of this, they should also be fed magnesium every two weeks to achieve higher yields of larger fruits. For hot peppers, over-watering can lead to fruit with less heat, thus the soil amendment method may be preferable in this case. Sprinkle 1 tablespoon of Epsom salt for every foot of height around the drip line of your pepper plants once per week.
 
Plants that aren’t getting enough magnesium can be identified by their yellowing leaves. This is because magnesium is an essential component in the production of chlorophyll. Sprinkle Epsom salt around your plants to achieve healthier foliage. About 1 tablespoon per 12 inches of height once a month will benefit the plants in your vegetable garden, as well as any trees, shrubs, flowers and grasses you want to green up.
 
Leaf curling may also be caused by magnesium-deficiency in plants. Again, add Epsom salt to the soil around the base of the sick plant. Alternately, for faster absorption you can mix 2 tablespoons of Epsom salt in a gallon of water and apply directly to the leaves.
Have you ever wondered why your neighbours’ rose bushes are fuller than yours and sport so many more blossoms? It is highly likely that the answer is Epsom salt. And of course, Epsom salt increases chlorophyll production meaning darker leaves.
 
You really can't use too much Epsom salt in your garden. Magnesium sulphate is pH neutral, so it won’t harm your soil. The crystals break down into water, magnesium, and sulfur – three components which are beneficial in some way to most plants. Epsom salt is safe, easy to apply, and works fast to correct a variety of problems and increase the overall health of your garden. As if that weren’t enough, Epsom salt is also inexpensive making it one of the most perfect tools for the health-conscious, responsible gardener.
 
 
 
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 - 6.53 PILIPILI ZENYE AFYA YENYE CHUMVI YA EPSOM
 
Je, umewahi kujaribu Epsom Salt kwenye Bustani yako? Unaweza kuitumia kama marekebisho ya udongo kabla ya kupanda ili kuipa bustani yako uimara wa nguvu tangu mwanzo. Magnésiamu husaidia katika kuota kwa mbegu na husaidia kuimarisha kuta za seli, na kusababisha miche zaidi na yenye nguvu. Kwa matokeo bora, tumia kikombe 1 cha chumvi kwa kila futi 100 za mraba za udongo uliolimwa au changanya vijiko 1 - 2 kwenye udongo chini ya kila shimo kabla ya kudondosha mbegu.
 
Nyanya
Inapaswa kulishwa chumvi ya Epsom mara mbili kuliko mimea mingine. Pia, kwa sababu mizabibu ya nyanya inakabiliwa na upungufu wa kalsiamu (kuoza mwisho wa maua), mbolea nyingi za nyanya zina kalsiamu ambayo itashindana na magnesiamu kwa kunyonya mizizi. Kwa hivyo, kulisha majani ndio njia bora zaidi ya kusambaza magnesiamu kwa mimea hii. Maji ya mizabibu ya nyanya na chumvi ya Epsom iliyoyeyushwa - vijiko 2 kwa lita moja ya maji, kila wiki 2.
 
Pilipili ni mmea mwingine maarufu wa bustani wenye uwiano wa juu kuliko wastani wa matunda kwa saizi ya mmea. Kwa sababu hii, wanapaswa pia kulishwa magnesiamu kila baada ya wiki mbili ili kufikia mavuno ya juu ya matunda makubwa. Kwa pilipili hoho, kumwagilia kupita kiasi kunaweza kusababisha matunda yenye joto kidogo, kwa hivyo njia ya kurekebisha udongo inaweza kuwa bora katika kesi hii. Nyunyiza kijiko 1 kikubwa cha chumvi ya Epsom kwa kila futi ya urefu karibu na njia ya matone ya mimea yako ya pilipili mara moja kwa wiki.
 
Mimea ambayo haipati magnesiamu ya kutosha inaweza kutambuliwa na majani yao ya njano. Hii ni kwa sababu magnesiamu ni sehemu muhimu katika utengenezaji wa klorofili. Nyunyiza chumvi ya Epsom kuzunguka mimea yako ili kupata majani yenye afya. Takriban kijiko 1 cha chakula kwa kila inchi 12 za urefu mara moja kwa mwezi kitafaidi mimea kwenye bustani yako ya mboga, pamoja na miti, vichaka, maua na nyasi zozote unazotaka kuweka kijani kibichi.
 
Kukunja kwa majani kunaweza pia kusababishwa na upungufu wa magnesiamu katika mimea. Tena, ongeza chumvi ya Epsom kwenye udongo karibu na msingi wa mmea mgonjwa. Vinginevyo, kwa kunyonya haraka unaweza kuchanganya vijiko 2 vya chumvi ya Epsom kwenye galoni ya maji na kuomba moja kwa moja kwenye majani.
Umewahi kujiuliza kwa nini vichaka vya waridi vya majirani zako vimejaa zaidi kuliko yako na huchanua maua mengi zaidi? Kuna uwezekano mkubwa kuwa jibu ni chumvi ya Epsom. Na bila shaka, chumvi ya Epsom huongeza uzalishaji wa klorofili ikimaanisha majani meusi zaidi.
 
Kwa kweli huwezi kutumia chumvi nyingi ya Epsom kwenye bustani yako. Sulfate ya magnesiamu haina pH neutral, kwa hivyo haitadhuru udongo wako. Fuwele huvunjika na kuwa maji, magnesiamu, na salfa - vipengele vitatu ambavyo vina manufaa kwa namna fulani kwa mimea mingi. Chumvi ya Epsom ni salama, ni rahisi kutumia, na hufanya kazi haraka kurekebisha matatizo mbalimbali na kuongeza afya kwa ujumla ya bustani yako. Kana kwamba hiyo haitoshi, chumvi ya Epsom pia ni ya bei nafuu na kuifanya kuwa mojawapo ya zana bora zaidi kwa mtunza bustani anayejali afya, anayewajibika.
 

6 TOMATOES – 6.54 – NEVER KNEW THIS

 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
6 TOMATOES – 6.54 – NEVER KNEW THIS
 
On transplanting the tomatoes, they should be driven about a foot into the soil, three to five inches away from the plant, placed so as to minimize any root damage, maximize root growth and mitigate wind blows.

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6 SOMO LA 6.54 NYANYA – 6.54 – HAKUJAJUA HILI
 
Wakati wa kupandikiza nyanya, zinapaswa kuendeshwa kwa futi moja kwenye udongo, inchi tatu hadi tano kutoka kwenye mmea, zimewekwa ili kupunguza uharibifu wowote wa mizizi, kuongeza ukuaji wa mizizi na kupunguza upepo wa upepo.

 

6 TOMATOES – 6.57 - AILMENTS AND FIXES FOR THEM

 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
6 TOMATOES – 6.57 - AILMENTS AND FIXES FOR THEM

 
Many of you have started your Tomatoes inside, and already planted them in the Garden, or almost ready to. For the ones that had them in the Garden, If you had any issues with your tomatoes the last year or two, then this info and chart will be helpful. It is important to be able to identify and treat the common Tomato plant ailments that might crop up.
 
1)BLOSSOM END ROT
This is one of the most common ailments, and you can tell if your plants have it by looking at where Tomatoes attach to vine. If the attachment appears brown and leathery between the size of a dime and quarter, then that Tomato has Blossom End Rot.
 
TO TREAT
You will have to take all the Tomatoes off the plants that are affected and dispose of them. If you don't, it will spread and to all of them. Calcium is required in relatively large concentrations for normal cell growth. When a rapidly growing fruit is deprived of calcium, the tissues break down, leaving the characteristic lesion at the blossom end. Blossom-end rot develops when the fruit's demand for calcium exceeds the supply in the soil. This may result from low calcium levels in the soil, drought stress, excessive soil moisture, and/or fluctuations due to rain or over watering. Lime (unless the soil is already alkaline), composted manures or bone meal will supply calcium.
 
2) BLIGHT
There are 3 stages of Blight. Early Blight is black and grey spots on the leaves when Tomatoes are young. Southern Blight is black and grey spots by stem and roots of the tomato plant. Late Blight gets out of hand, and is black and grey spots throughout the leaves, vines, and tomatoes.
 
TO TREAT
The easiest way is to treat it in it's early stages by removing the parts of the Tomato plants that are infected. If you do not notice it until the later stages of Blight, you will need to buy an anti-fungal treatment, or you can make an organic one from home.
 
3) CATERPILLARS
They love to feed on Tomato plants and should be taken care of right away.
 
TO TREAT
There are many treatments available to fight against caterpillar infestations at your local garden store, but you can make your own safe organic remedies at home. An Apple Cider Vinegar spray can be used to keep them away. You can also plant French Marigolds by your Tomatoes to help deter from coming around.
 
4) FRUIT SPLITTING
This can occur when it is dry, and then you get some heavy rains, or most frequently when there is sudden growth in the tomato plant. It doesn't hurt the Tomatoes, or affect you eating them, they just don't look good after that.
TO TREAT-
If it occurs early in the Tomato plants growth phase, it can be reversed. Just water and apply nutrients, as normal, so there's no too dry too wet cycle. If it happens near harvest, it can't be reversed.
 
5) RED SPIDER MITES
They are hard to spot, and usually are under your leaves. If you notice cobwebs on your Tomato plants, then you have them.
 
TO TREAT
You can always buy treatments at the store to take care of them, but better to make your own organic Apple Cider Vinegar spray, soap spray, or Onion and Garlic spray. Coriander, Dill, and Chrysanthemums are good to plant to deter them.
 
6) WILT
It is a fungal infection that starts in the roots, and blocks most of the water and nutrients from getting to the plant. It usually causes no problems until Tomatoes are growing on the vines. You will first see yellowing and drying of lower leaves, and then whole plant will wilt during hottest period of day. It will recover some at night, but then wilt again next day.
 
TO TREAT--There really is no treatment when you get wilt that I know of. It is in the soil, so the next time you grow Tomatoes, pick a different spot in the Garden to grow them. It will deprive the Wilt of a host, and it will die out over the next year. Grow seedlings inside in clean soil before transplanting in Spring, and then make sure to pull all weeds that pop up around them.
 
7) SUN SCORCH
The skin of your Tomatoes will looked bruised and sunken. It sometimes happens when your Tomatoes get too much sun exposure during a real dry and hot period.
 
TO TREAT
Don't do any pruning of leaves during hot periods. The extra leaves will shield the Tomatoes. You can also use shade cloth to cover them during these periods Once they get Sun Scorch, you cannot do anything for the affected fruit, but you can provide shade for the unaffected ones.
 
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KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 – 6.57 - MARADHI NA MADHUBUTI KWAO
 
Wengi wenu mmeanzisha Nyanya zenu ndani, na tayari mmezipanda kwenye Bustani, au karibu tayari. Kwa wale waliokuwa nazo kwenye Bustani, Ikiwa ulikuwa na matatizo yoyote na nyanya zako mwaka mmoja au miwili iliyopita, basi maelezo na chati hii zitakusaidia. Ni muhimu kuweza kutambua na kutibu magonjwa ya kawaida ya mmea wa Nyanya ambayo yanaweza kutokea.
 
1)UOZO WA MAUA MWISHO
Hii ni moja ya magonjwa ya kawaida, na unaweza kujua ikiwa mimea yako ina kwa kuangalia mahali ambapo Nyanya hushikamana na mzabibu. Ikiwa kiambatisho kinaonekana kahawia na ngozi kati ya ukubwa wa dime na robo, basi Nyanya hiyo ina Blossom End Rot.
 
KUTIBU
Utalazimika kuchukua Nyanya zote kutoka kwa mimea iliyoathiriwa na kuitupa. Ikiwa hutafanya hivyo, itaenea na kwa wote. Kalsiamu inahitajika katika viwango vikubwa kwa ukuaji wa kawaida wa seli. Wakati matunda yanayokua kwa kasi yanaponyimwa kalsiamu, tishu huvunjika, na kuacha lesion ya tabia mwishoni mwa maua. Uozo wa mwisho wa maua hukua wakati mahitaji ya tunda ya kalsiamu yanapozidi ugavi kwenye udongo. Hii inaweza kutokana na viwango vya chini vya kalsiamu kwenye udongo, dhiki ya ukame, unyevu kupita kiasi wa udongo, na/au mabadiliko kutokana na mvua au kumwagilia kupita kiasi. Chokaa (isipokuwa udongo tayari ni alkali), mbolea ya mboji au unga wa mifupa utatoa kalsiamu.
 
2) MWANGAVU
Kuna hatua 3 za Blight. Early Blight ni madoa meusi na ya kijivu kwenye majani wakati Nyanya ni changa. Southern Blight ni madoa meusi na ya kijivu kwa shina na mizizi ya mmea wa nyanya. Late Blight hutoka mkononi, na huwa na madoa meusi na ya kijivu kwenye majani, mizabibu na nyanya.
 
KUTIBU
Njia rahisi ni kutibu katika hatua za mwanzo kwa kuondoa sehemu za mimea ya Nyanya iliyoambukizwa. Usipoitambua hadi hatua za baadaye za Blight, utahitaji kununua matibabu ya kuzuia ukungu, au unaweza kutengeneza ya kikaboni kutoka nyumbani.
 
3) MIWAVI
Wanapenda kulisha mimea ya Nyanya na wanapaswa kutunzwa mara moja.
 
KUTIBU
Kuna matibabu mengi yanayopatikana ili kupigana na viwavi kwenye duka lako la bustani, lakini unaweza kutengeneza dawa zako salama za kikaboni nyumbani. Dawa ya Siki ya Apple inaweza kutumika kuwazuia. Unaweza pia kupanda Marigolds ya Kifaransa karibu na Nyanya yako ili kuzuia kuja karibu.
 
4) KUPASUKA MATUNDA
Hii inaweza kutokea wakati ni kavu, na kisha kupata baadhi ya mvua kubwa, au mara nyingi zaidi wakati kuna ukuaji wa ghafla katika kupanda nyanya. Haidhuru Nyanya, au kuathiri kuzila, hazionekani vizuri baada ya hapo.
KUTIBU-
Ikiwa hutokea mapema katika awamu ya ukuaji wa mimea ya Nyanya, inaweza kuachwa. Maji tu na uweke virutubishi, kama kawaida, kwa hivyo hakuna mzunguko wa mvua sana. Ikitokea karibu na mavuno, haiwezi kubadilishwa.
 
5) MITI NYEKUNDU
Wao ni vigumu kuona, na kwa kawaida ni chini ya majani yako. Ikiwa unaona cobwebs kwenye mimea yako ya Nyanya, basi unayo.
 
KUTIBU
Unaweza kununua dawa dukani kila wakati ili kuzitunza, lakini ni bora zaidi kutengeneza dawa yako ya kikaboni ya Siki ya Apple, dawa ya sabuni, au kitunguu na kitunguu saumu. Coriander, Dill, na Chrysanthemums ni nzuri kupanda ili kuwazuia.
 
6) WILT
Ni ugonjwa wa fangasi unaoanzia kwenye mizizi, na kuzuia maji mengi na virutubisho kuingia kwenye mmea. Kawaida husababisha shida hadi Nyanya zinakua kwenye mizabibu. Kwanza utaona njano na kukauka kwa majani ya chini, na kisha mmea mzima utanyauka wakati wa joto zaidi wa siku. Itapona usiku, lakini itanyauka tena siku inayofuata.
 
KUTIBU--Kweli hakuna matibabu unapopata mnyauko ninaoujua. Iko kwenye udongo, kwa hivyo wakati ujao unapopanda Nyanya, chagua sehemu tofauti kwenye bustani ili kukua. Itanyima Wilt ya mwenyeji, na itakufa katika mwaka ujao. Panda miche ndani kwenye udongo safi kabla ya kupandikiza katika Majira ya kuchipua, na kisha hakikisha kwamba umeng'oa magugu yote yanayotokea karibu nayo.
 
7) KUCHOMA JUA
Ngozi ya Nyanya zako itaonekana kuwa na michubuko na imezama. Wakati mwingine hutokea wakati Nyanya zako hupata mionzi ya jua sana wakati wa kipindi cha ukame na joto.
 
KUTIBU
Usikate majani wakati wa joto. Majani ya ziada yatalinda Nyanya. Unaweza pia kutumia kitambaa cha kivuli kuwafunika katika vipindi hivi Mara tu wanapopata Mwanguko wa Jua, huwezi kufanya chochote kwa matunda yaliyoathirika, lakini unaweza kutoa kivuli kwa wale ambao hawajaathirika.
 

6 TOMATOES – 6.60 – DRY THEM FOR POWDER

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
6 TOMATOES – 6.60 – DRY THEM FOR POWDER

 
Drying Tomatoes to make Tomato Powder.

Farmers are making losses in tomatoes farming due to supply exceeding demand.
Most of the fruit’s rots in the farm or markets, this is because farmers don't know how to preserve or add value to their tomatoes.
Most farmers lose more than half of total tomatoes produced.
With drying tomatoes and making tomato powder it will avoid this waste and make good use of excess tomatoes and reduce post-harvest losses and this will also help in times of low supply, consumers will consume dried canned tomatoes and tomato puree.
All the surplus fresh tomatoes should be transformed into preservable powder, which will be sold off season.
With Tomato powder Consumers only add the powder when cooking. No artificial colourings, additives or preservatives. Tomato powder can last more than a year in storage.
 
 
Text from The Vegetable & Herb Expert D.D.G. Hessayon

 
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 – 6.60 – KAUSHA KWA PODA
 
Kukausha Nyanya kutengeneza Unga wa Nyanya.
Wakulima wanapata hasara katika kilimo cha nyanya kutokana na ugavi unaozidi mahitaji.
Matunda mengi huoza shambani au sokoni, hii ni kwa sababu wakulima hawajui jinsi ya kuhifadhi au kuongeza thamani ya nyanya zao.
Wakulima wengi hupoteza zaidi ya nusu ya jumla ya nyanya zinazozalishwa.
Kwa kukausha nyanya na kutengeneza unga wa nyanya itaepuka upotevu huu na kutumia vizuri nyanya iliyozidi na kupunguza hasara baada ya kuvuna na hii pia itasaidia wakati wa ugavi mdogo, watumiaji watatumia nyanya kavu za makopo na puree ya nyanya.
Ziada nyanya mbichi zibadilishwe kuwa poda inayoweza kuhifadhiwa, ambayo itauzwa nje ya msimu.
Kwa unga wa Nyanya Watumiaji huongeza tu unga wakati wa kupikia. Hakuna rangi bandia, viungio au vihifadhi. Poda ya nyanya inaweza kudumu zaidi ya mwaka katika kuhifadhi.

6 TOMATOES – 6.65 - GREENHOUSE - PLANT FACTS and VARIETIES

 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   

6 TOMATOES – 6.65 - GREENHOUSE - PLANT FACTS and VARIETIES  

 
You will find tomatoes plants in most greenhouses during the summer months, producing a succession of succulent fruit. We seem to have a irrepressible urge to grow them, and this is a little surprise when you remember the problem involves. They need constant care, and in the summer it is necessary to water growing bags or pots at daily intervals. A wide range of pests and disease find the tomatoes an ideal host, and the flavour is not all that much better than the supermarket ones. You can buy tasty varieties such as Gardener’s Delight in the shops. Perhaps the key is the watching tiny green pinheads swell into bright red fruits, plus the constant need we have in most households for both raw and cooked tomatoes. 

The greenhouse varieties are cordon (single stemmed) plants which reached 6 ft. or more when not stopped, and it is unfortunate that many gardeners refuse to be adventurous. Each spring they saw Alicante, Ailsa Craig, or Money-maker, but there are so many exciting new ones to try.
 
VARIETIES: Money-maker; Ailsa Craig, Alicante, Harbinger, Money cross, Craigella, Gardeners Delight, Sweet 100, Red Alert.
 
F1 HYBRID: Euro cross, Supercross, Estrella, Shirley, Grenadier, Herald, Tumbler, Cherry Belle, Danny, Typhoon.
And much more there are 400 and more different Varieties.
 
SOWING & PLANTING:
·         If you need a large number of plants, then follow the conventional technique of sawing thinly in trays or pans filled with seed and Culting Compost. Cover lightly with compost – keep moist but not wet at about 65° F. When the seedlings have formed a pair of true leaves prick them out into 3 in. peat pots filled with potting compost, and always set them deeper into the earth.
·         If only a few plants required , it is easier to saw a couple of seeds in each 3 in. peat pot of compost, removing the weaker seedlings after germination. Alternatively buy plants from a reputable supplier.
·         Plant out into growing bags, pots or border soil when the seedlings are 6-8 in. tall and the flowers of the first truss are beginning to open. Water the pot thoroughly before planting. In border soil plant 18 in. apart.
 
SOIL FACTS
·         Tomatoes can be grown in border soil raised beds give better results than beds at ground level. Prepare the soil in winter - dig in peat and small amounts of composts or manure. Rake in Growmore fertilizer shortly before planting
 
 
Text from The Vegetable & Herb Expert D.D.G. Hessayon
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KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
NYANYA 6 – 6.65 - GREENHOUSE - UKWELI WA MIMEA na AINA MBALI
 
Utapata mimea ya nyanya katika greenhouses nyingi wakati wa miezi ya majira ya joto, ikitoa mfululizo wa matunda mazuri. Tunaonekana kuwa na hamu isiyozuilika ya kuzikuza, na hii ni mshangao kidogo unapokumbuka shida inahusisha. Wanahitaji huduma ya mara kwa mara, na katika majira ya joto ni muhimu kumwagilia mifuko ya kukua au sufuria kwa vipindi vya kila siku. Aina mbalimbali za wadudu na magonjwa hupata nyanya kuwa mwenyeji bora, na ladha sio bora zaidi kuliko zile za maduka makubwa. Unaweza kununua aina za kitamu kama vile Bustani ya Bustani katika maduka. Labda jambo kuu ni kuangalia pinheads ndogo za kijani kibichi vikivimba na kuwa matunda mekundu, pamoja na hitaji la kudumu tulilo nalo katika kaya nyingi za nyanya mbichi na zilizopikwa. Aina za chafu ni mimea ya cordon (shina moja) ambayo ilifikia futi 6 au zaidi ikiwa haijasimamishwa, na ni bahati mbaya kwamba wakulima wengi wa bustani wanakataa kuwa wajasiri. Kila msimu wa kuchipua waliona Alicante, Ailsa Craig, au Money-maker, lakini kuna wapya wengi wa kusisimua wa kujaribu.
 
AINA MBALIMBALI: Mtengeneza pesa; Ailsa Craig, Alicante, Harbinger, Pesa cross, Craigella, Bustani Furaha, Tamu 100, Tahadhari Nyekundu.
 
F1 HYBRID: Krosi ya Euro, Supercross, Estrella, Shirley, Grenadier, Herald, Tumbler, Cherry Belle, Danny, Typhoon.
Na mengi zaidi kuna aina 400 na zaidi tofauti.
 
KUPANDA NA KUPANDA:
• Ikiwa unahitaji idadi kubwa ya mimea, basi fuata mbinu ya kawaida ya kukata nyembamba kwenye trei au sufuria zilizojaa mbegu na Mbolea ya Kupandia. Funika kidogo kwa mboji - weka unyevu lakini usiwe na unyevu kwa takriban 65° F. Miche inapounda jozi ya majani halisi yang'oa ndani ya vyungu 3 vya mboji vilivyojazwa na mboji ya kuchungia, na kila mara viweke ndani zaidi ya ardhi.
• Iwapo mimea michache itahitajika, ni rahisi kuona mbegu kadhaa katika kila chungu cha mboji ya inchi 3, na kuondoa miche dhaifu baada ya kuota. Vinginevyo, nunua mimea kutoka kwa muuzaji anayeaminika.
Panda kwenye mifuko, vyungu au udongo wa mpaka wakati miche ina urefu wa inchi 6-8 na maua ya shina la kwanza yanaanza kufunguka. Mwagilia sufuria vizuri kabla ya kupanda. Katika udongo wa mpaka panda 18 in.