6 SWEDE – 6.101 - GROWING and SOIL

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
6 SWEDE – 6.101 - GROWING and SOIL

 
Thin out the crop as soon as the seedlings are large enough to handle. Do this in stages until the plants are 9 in. apart.
Keep the soil hoed and remember to water in dry weather – failure to do so will result in smaller and woodier roots. Rain following a dry spell cause roots to split.
Spray with MORGANIC SEAWEAD fertilizer at the first signs of flea beetle’s damage.  
SOIL FACTS
Swedes are brassicas and like other members of the family need a firm, non-acid soil which has reasonable drainage.
Pick a sunny spot and dig in autumn, Lime if necessary. In spring apply Grow more fertilizer. Prepare the seedbed a week later. Apply a nematode-based insecticide if cabbage root fly is known to be a problem.
 
LOOKING AFTER THE CROP.
·         Thin out the crop as soon as the seedlings are large enough to handle. Do this in stages until the plants ae 9in. apart.
·         Keep the soil hoed and remember to water in dry weather – failure to do so will result in smaller and woodier roots. Rain following a dry spell can caught roots to split.
·         Spray with pyrethrins at the first signs of flee beetle damage.  
 
Text from The Vegetable & Herb Expert D.D.G. Hessayon
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In progress all lessons with crops, herbs, and fruit in English and Swahili in my blog.
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KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6 SWEDE - 6.101 - KUKUA na UDONGO
 
Punguza mazao mara tu miche inapokuwa kubwa vya kutosha kuhimili. Fanya hivi kwa hatua hadi mimea iwe 9 in.
Weka udongo uliopandwa na kumbuka kumwagilia katika hali ya hewa kavu - kutofanya hivyo kutasababisha mizizi ndogo na ngumu zaidi. Mvua kufuatia kipindi cha kiangazi husababisha mizizi kugawanyika.
Nyunyiza na mbolea ya MORGANIC SEAWEAD katika dalili za kwanza za uharibifu wa mende.
MAMBO YA UDONGO
Wasweden ni brassicas na kama wanafamilia wengine wanahitaji udongo thabiti, usio na asidi ambao una mifereji ya maji ya kuridhisha.
Chagua mahali pa jua na kuchimba katika vuli, Lime ikiwa ni lazima. Katika spring kuomba Kukua mbolea zaidi. Tayarisha kitalu wiki moja baadaye. Weka dawa ya kuua wadudu wa nematode ikiwa nzi wa mizizi ya kabichi inajulikana kuwa tatizo.
 
KUANGALIA MAZAO.
• Nyunyiza mazao mara tu miche inapokuwa na uwezo wa kuhimili. Fanya hivi kwa hatua hadi mimea inchi 9. mbali.
• Weka udongo ukiwa umelimwa na kumbuka kumwagilia maji katika hali ya hewa kavu – kutofanya hivyo kutasababisha mizizi midogo na yenye miti midogo. Mvua inayofuata kipindi cha ukame inaweza kushika mizizi na kugawanyika.
• Nyunyiza na pyrethrin katika dalili za kwanza za uharibifu wa mende.

6 SWEDE – 6.102 - HARVESTING and KITCHEN

 
 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
6 SWEDE – 6.102 - HARVESTING and KITCHEN  

 
HARVEST
Beginn lifting as soon as the roots are large enough to use. And there is no need to wait until they reach their maximum size. You can leave them into the soil and lift with a fork as required. But it may be more convenient to lift them indoors for later use.
The storage technique is to twist off the leaves and plays the roots between layers of dry peat or sand in a stout box. Store in a cool shed.
 
IN THE KITCHEN
Swede is generally acceptable as an ingredient for stews, casseroles and soups. They are also used by fish and meat as vegetable. And also mixed with potatoes as dishes.
 
STORAGE
Keep unpeeled in a cool and dry place. Swedes will stay fresh for around 5 days.  
 
COOKING
Remove the tops and roots - peel thickly until yellow flesh is reached. Boiling and mashing is the traditional method of cooking.
 
Text from The Vegetable & Herb Expert D.D.G. Hessayon
MORE INFOS and the links I will send you when you write me on PM:
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LEVEL 1:  ORGANIC FARMING COURSE, in fb
700 lessons the BASICS of Organic Farming. Join in on ..
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In progress all lessons with crops, herbs, and fruit in English and Swahili in my blog.
LEVEL 0:  Save daily 50 % water, energy, and fertilizer with us. See 70 lessons best
SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION for crops and trees. Use our best T-Tape.
See INDIAN best quality 2-Wheel Tractors and weeders in 420 and 600 mm width.
 
Find my lessons in the following hashtags:
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KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6 SWEDE – 6.102 - KUVUNA na JIKO
 
MAVUNO
Anza kuinua mara tu mizizi inapokuwa kubwa ya kutosha kutumia. Na hakuna haja ya kusubiri hadi kufikia ukubwa wao wa juu. Unaweza kuwaacha kwenye udongo na kuinua kwa uma kama inavyotakiwa. Lakini inaweza kuwa rahisi zaidi kuziinua ndani ya nyumba kwa matumizi ya baadaye.
Mbinu ya kuhifadhi ni kupotosha majani na kucheza mizizi kati ya tabaka za peat kavu au mchanga kwenye sanduku ngumu. Hifadhi kwenye jokofu baridi.
 
JIKONI
Kiswidi kwa ujumla kinakubalika kama kiungo cha kitoweo, casseroles na supu. Pia hutumiwa na samaki na nyama kama mboga. Na pia kuchanganywa na viazi kama sahani.
 
HIFADHI
Weka bila kusafishwa mahali pa baridi na kavu. Wasweden watakaa safi kwa takriban siku 5.
 
KUPIKA
Ondoa sehemu za juu na mizizi - peel nene hadi nyama ya manjano ifikiwe. Kuchemsha na kusaga ni njia ya jadi ya kupikia.

6 SWEDE – 6.103 - TROUBLES

 

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   

6 SWEDE – 6.103 - TROUBLES   

6 PASSION FUIT 6.12o – PLANT FACTS 6 VARIETIES

 
ORGANIC FARMING CURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
6 PASSION FUIT 6.12o – PLANT FACTS 6 VARIETIES

 
he A-Z of growing passion fruits to harvest 15 tons from every hectare
Passion fruit, a climbing vine, is a versatile crop whose demand is growing in both export and domestic markets.
The fruit can be eaten fresh or consumed after extracting the pulp and making juice.
The juice is used in a variety of products and the pulp may be added to different dishes. A wide range of cosmetic products and food flavours are derived from the fruit that is rich in Vitamins A and C and carotene.
Varieties
Yellow and purple types exist. Purple varieties do better at higher altitudes than the yellow types. Yellow types, on the other hand, tend to yield higher and are more resistant to diseases.
The purple variety is acidic, varies in taste and juiciness with intense aromatic scent and round in shape. The yellow variety is bigger, with similar taste but possibly less aromatic, more acidic and is also round in shape.
Both varieties are green before ripening, and they are grown for commercial and domestic purposes.
 
KILIMO HAI CHALAANI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6 PASSION FUIT 6.12o – UKWELI WA MIMEA AINA 6
The A-Z ya kupanda matunda ya passion ili kuvuna tani 15 kutoka kwa kila hekta
Matunda ya Passion, mzabibu unaopanda, ni zao lenye matumizi mengi ambalo mahitaji yake yanaongezeka katika soko la nje na la ndani.
Tunda linaweza kuliwa likiwa mbichi au kuliwa baada ya kukamua massa na kutengeneza juisi.
Juisi hutumiwa katika bidhaa mbalimbali na kunde kunaweza kuongezwa kwa sahani tofauti. Bidhaa mbalimbali za vipodozi na ladha za chakula zinatokana na matunda yenye vitamini A na C na carotene.
Aina mbalimbali
Kuna aina za manjano na zambarau. Aina za zambarau hufanya vizuri zaidi katika mwinuko wa juu kuliko aina za njano. Aina za njano, kwa upande mwingine, huwa na mavuno ya juu na ni sugu zaidi kwa magonjwa.
Aina ya zambarau ni tindikali, inatofautiana katika ladha na juiciness na harufu kali ya kunukia na sura ya pande zote. Aina ya manjano ni kubwa zaidi, yenye ladha inayofanana lakini pengine haina harufu nzuri, yenye asidi zaidi na pia ina umbo la duara.
Aina zote mbili ni za kijani kabla ya kukomaa, na hupandwa kwa madhumuni ya kibiashara na ya nyumbani.

6 PASSION FUIT 6.121 – GROWING & SOIL

 
ORGANIC FARMING CURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
6 PASSION FUIT 6.121 – GROWING & SOIL

 
Ecological requirements
Passion fruits do well in a wide range of altitudes from 1,200m to 1,800m above sea level East of the Rift Valley and up to 2,000m above sea level West of the Rift valley.
Optimum temperature for purple passion fruit is between 18° C to 25° C and 25° C to 30° C for yellow passion fruit while the rainfall should be well-distributed, between 900 mm to 2,000 mm per year.

Excess rainfall causes poor fruit set and encourages diseases mainly leaf and fruit rusts. For good production, passion fruits do well in a variety of soils, which should be reasonably deep and fertile with soil pH ranging between 6.0 and 6.5.
In high rainfall areas, the soils should be well-drained as plants will not withstand waterlogging or flooding. Some passion fruit enterprises that were doing well in Uasin Gishu County some five years ago collapsed because of soil acidity (pH < 5.0), which reduces nutrient uptake and accelerates Fusarium wilt disease that causes rotting of roots and stems finally drying of the whole plant. Farmers are encouraged to apply manure and lime in the holes and whole field to reduce the soil acidity effects.

Planting and trellising
Passion fruit can be grown from seeds but grafting often produces improved stock. Yellow passion fruit is best for production of rootstock because of superior disease resistance while purple is good for fruit production.
Seeds germinate in four weeks after removal of the pulp and drying. Production of seedlings in plastic bags is the most used method.
Up to three seeds are planted in each bag and then thinned to one after emergence. Seedlings will require up to four months to reach a suitable transplanting growth stage. After about seven weeks of growth following transplanting, each plant should have up to four healthy lateral stems.
Transplanting should be done at the beginning of the rainy season around April-June. Passion fruit has deep roots, so soils should be well-tilled. Transplant to a field with posts having wire trellis to support the growing crop and fruits produced.
The vines are usually directed so that growth is in both directions along the supporting wires. Yields are highest following a regular fertilization regime. Old or dead shoots should be pruned. Intercropping with vegetables or other annuals is recommended to utilize free space especially when the crop is young.
Once established, the vines grow rapidly and the fruit should flower after about seven months. Ideally, young passion vines should be set in the field early in the growing season after there is no danger of drought.

Passion vines are planted 2m from one row to the other and 3m from one plant to the other. Horizontal trellises have cross-pieces at the top of each post with two to four wires strung horizontally 60cm apart along the top of each cross-piece.
Vertical trellises consist of heavy posts without cross-pieces, with two to three wires strung along the row like barbed wire fencing, attached to the posts from the top down at intervals of about 30-40cm apart.
Trellis wires should be size 9 or 10 galvanized steel. The posts need to be stout enough to withstand the weight of the vines and fruits produced throughout a season that normally includes the buffeting of strong winds. Ideally, they should be long enough to provide a trellis height of 1.5m, with 45-75 cm in the ground. Trellis rows should be oriented north-south for maximum exposure to sunlight, and the vines should be allowed to grow together along the trellises to promote cross-pollination

.
KILIMO HAI CHALAANI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6 PASSION FUIT 6.121 - KUKUZA & UDONGO
 
Mahitaji ya kiikolojia
Matunda ya Passion hufanya vizuri katika miinuko mingi kutoka 1,200m hadi 1,800m juu ya usawa wa bahari Mashariki ya Bonde la Ufa na hadi 2,000m juu ya usawa wa bahari Magharibi mwa bonde la Ufa.
Joto bora zaidi kwa tunda la zambarau la passion ni kati ya 18° C hadi 25° C na 25° C hadi 30° C kwa tunda la passion ya manjano wakati mvua inapaswa kusambazwa vizuri, kati ya 900 mm hadi 2,000 mm kwa mwaka.
Mvua nyingi husababisha mkusanyiko duni wa matunda na huchochea magonjwa hasa kutu ya majani na matunda. Kwa uzalishaji mzuri, matunda ya passion hufanya vyema katika aina mbalimbali za udongo, ambao unapaswa kuwa na kina kirefu na chenye rutuba na pH ya udongo kati ya 6.0 na 6.5.
Katika maeneo yenye mvua nyingi, udongo unapaswa kuwa na unyevu wa kutosha kwani mimea haitastahimili mafuriko au mafuriko. Baadhi ya biashara za matunda aina ya passion ambazo zilikuwa zikifanya vyema katika Kaunti ya Uasin Gishu miaka mitano iliyopita zilianguka kwa sababu ya asidi ya udongo (pH <5.0), ambayo hupunguza uchukuaji wa virutubishi na kuharakisha ugonjwa wa mnyauko Fusarium ambao husababisha kuoza kwa mizizi na shina hatimaye kukauka kwa mmea wote. Wakulima wanahimizwa kuweka samadi na chokaa kwenye mashimo na shamba zima ili kupunguza athari za asidi ya udongo.
Kupanda na trellising
Matunda ya Passion yanaweza kukuzwa kutoka kwa mbegu lakini kupandikiza mara nyingi hutoa hisa iliyoboreshwa. Tunda la passion ya manjano ni bora zaidi kwa uzalishaji wa vizizi kwa sababu ya upinzani bora wa magonjwa wakati zambarau ni nzuri kwa uzalishaji wa matunda.
Mbegu huota katika wiki nne baada ya kuondolewa kwa massa na kukausha. Uzalishaji wa miche kwenye mifuko ya plastiki ndiyo njia inayotumika zaidi.
Hadi mbegu tatu hupandwa katika kila mfuko na kisha kupunguzwa hadi moja baada ya kuota. Miche itahitaji hadi miezi minne kufikia hatua inayofaa ya ukuaji wa kupandikiza. Baada ya takriban wiki saba za ukuaji baada ya kupandikiza, kila mmea unapaswa kuwa na hadi mashina manne ya upande yenye afya.
Kupandikiza inapaswa kufanywa mwanzoni mwa msimu wa mvua karibu Aprili-Juni. Matunda ya mateso yana mizizi ya kina, kwa hivyo udongo unapaswa kulimwa vizuri. Pandikiza kwenye shamba lenye nguzo zenye wire trellis ili kusaidia mazao yanayokua na matunda yanayozalishwa.
Mizabibu kawaida huelekezwa ili ukuaji uwe katika pande zote mbili kando ya waya zinazounga mkono. Mavuno ni ya juu zaidi kufuatia utaratibu wa kawaida wa mbolea. Shina za zamani au zilizokufa zinapaswa kukatwa. Kupanda mseto na mboga mboga au mimea mingine ya kila mwaka inashauriwa kutumia nafasi ya bure hasa wakati mazao yakiwa machanga.
Baada ya kuanzishwa, mizabibu hukua haraka na matunda yanapaswa kuchanua baada ya miezi saba. Kimsingi, mizabibu michanga ya shauku inapaswa kuwekwa shambani mapema katika msimu wa ukuaji baada ya kutokuwa na hatari ya ukame.
Mizabibu ya mateso hupandwa 2m kutoka mstari mmoja hadi mwingine na 3m kutoka mmea mmoja hadi mwingine. Miteremko ya mlalo ina vipande-pande juu ya kila nguzo na nyaya mbili hadi nne zilizounganishwa kwa mlalo 60cm kando ya sehemu ya juu ya kila kipande cha msalaba.
Miteremko ya wima ina nguzo nzito zisizo na vipande vya kuvuka, na nyaya mbili hadi tatu zilizofungwa kando ya safu kama uzio wa nyaya zenye miiba, zikiwa zimeunganishwa kwenye nguzo kutoka juu kwenda chini kwa vipindi vya umbali wa 30-40cm.
Waya za trellis zinapaswa kuwa za ukubwa wa 9 au 10 za mabati. Machapisho yanahitaji kuwa magumu vya kutosha kustahimili uzito wa mizabibu na matunda yanayozalishwa katika msimu mzima ambayo kwa kawaida hujumuisha kupigwa na upepo mkali. Kwa kweli, zinapaswa kuwa na urefu wa kutosha kutoa urefu wa trelli ya 1.5m, na cm 45-75 ardhini. Safu za trellis zinapaswa kuelekezwa kaskazini-kusini kwa mwangaza wa juu zaidi wa jua, na mizabibu inapaswa kuruhusiwa kukua pamoja kando ya trellis ili kukuza uchavushaji mtambuka.

6 PASSION FUIT 6.122 – FERTILIZER & HARVEST

 
ORGANIC FARMING CURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
6 PASSION FUIT 6.122 – FERTILIZER & HARVEST

 
Fertiliser application
At planting, use MORGANICS SEAWEED and farmyard manure. To obtain high yields, regular organic fertilisation is necessary.
Apply 300g of Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) per plant per year in two applications of 150g each during rainy season. Spraying with ORGANIC SEAWEAD is also recommended.

Crop protection
Weeding is essential when the plants are first transplanted. Disease is usually sufficiently controlled by crop rotation as plantations are not kept for more than three years.
Infected plant material should be pruned and destroyed and vines kept as open as possible to allow thorough application of sprays. Diseases can also be controlled by combination of good management, good orchard hygiene, and a suitable spray programme.
Pests lower fruit quality and should be controlled by regularly checking the areas around the orchard for signs of build-up. If necessary, spray to control the pests before they spread to the crop.

Harvest
When ready for harvesting, the skin of the fruit is deep purple or yellow. Its pulpy interior is bright yellow, filled with small black seeds. For fresh market or use, the fruit is picked when colour changes occur.
For processing, the fruit is allowed to drop to the ground and picked at least every second day. At this stage, the fruit is shrivelled but quite suitable for processing. Yields decline each year until harvests are not adequate in the four year.

Yields
Yields of over 15-20 tonnes/ha are attainable.
 
KILIMO HAI CHALAANI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6 SASSION FUIT 6.122 – MBOLEA NA MAVUNO
 
Uwekaji mbolea
Wakati wa kupanda, tumia MORGANICS SEAWEED na samadi ya shambani. Ili kupata mavuno mengi, mbolea ya kikaboni ya kawaida ni muhimu.
Weka 300g ya Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) kwa mmea kwa mwaka katika matumizi mawili ya 150g kila msimu wa mvua. Kunyunyizia na ORGANIC SEAWEAD pia kunapendekezwa
Ulinzi wa mazao
Palizi ni muhimu wakati mimea inapandikizwa kwanza. Ugonjwa kawaida hudhibitiwa vya kutosha kwa mzunguko wa mazao kwani mashamba hayatunzwe kwa zaidi ya miaka mitatu.
Nyenzo za mmea zilizoambukizwa zinapaswa kupogolewa na kuharibiwa na mizabibu iwekwe wazi iwezekanavyo ili kuruhusu uwekaji kamili wa dawa. Magonjwa pia yanaweza kudhibitiwa kwa mchanganyiko wa usimamizi mzuri, usafi mzuri wa bustani, na programu inayofaa ya dawa.
Wadudu hupunguza ubora wa matunda na wanapaswa kudhibitiwa kwa kuangalia mara kwa mara maeneo karibu na bustani kwa dalili za kuongezeka. Ikibidi, nyunyiza ili kudhibiti wadudu kabla ya kuenea kwenye mazao
Mavuno
Wakati tayari kwa kuvuna, ngozi ya matunda ni ya rangi ya zambarau au ya njano. Sehemu yake ya ndani ya pulpy ni manjano mkali, iliyojaa mbegu ndogo nyeusi. Kwa soko au matumizi mapya, matunda huchukuliwa wakati mabadiliko ya rangi yanapotokea.
Kwa usindikaji, matunda yanaruhusiwa kushuka chini na kuchujwa angalau kila siku ya pili. Katika hatua hii, matunda yamekauka lakini yanafaa kabisa kusindika. Mavuno hupungua kila mwaka hadi mavuno hayatoshi katika miaka minne.
Mazao
Mavuno ya zaidi ya tani 15-20 kwa hekta yanaweza kupatikana.

6 SPRING GARDEN 6.92 - PLANNING INFORMATION

 

 
ORGANIC FARMING CURSE AGRO-ECONOMY
6 SPRING GARDEN 6.92 - PLANNING INFORMATION

 
This planting info can help you when you are setting up Spring Planting Schedule. When to plant depends on your Growing Zone, but I have listed temperature ranges and days before.
 
PLANTING COOL SEASON VEGGIES
Cool-season vegetables grow best when temperatures range between 5 degrees C and 25  degrees C. In most areas, they can be planted outside 2 - 4 weeks before your last Spring cold date. These Veggies often are those that develop edible roots, stems, leaves, or buds, such as potatoes, broccoli, cauliflower, radish, cabbage, asparagus, onion, beets, mustard, peas, turnips, lettuce and spinach.
Cool-season vegetables are different in that their seeds germinate best in cool soil. They are usually planted as soon as the soil can be worked in Spring. Avoid planting in soggy soil that is still full of moisture from snow or spring rains. Wait until the soil dries and can be cultivated.
The root systems of cool-season plants are shallower and the plants themselves are smaller than warm-season vegetable plants. They stop producing in early summer when temperatures get above 30 degrees C. In regions where nights remain cool, you can sow cool-season vegetables every two weeks for a continual harvest that extends into Fall; also called succession planting.
In warmer regions, plant cool-season vegetables as early as possible in late Winter or early Spring, and plant seeds or transplants again in late fall to harvest in winter.
A few cold-hardy vegetables, such as carrots, kale, parsnips, and garlic, can survive throughout winter in some regions.
You can purchase a soil thermometer to help you know when to plant cool-season vegetables.
** At a soil temperature of 5 degrees C, plant arugula, fava beans, kale, lettuces, parsnips, peas, radicchio, radishes, and spinach.
** At a soil temperature of 10 degrees C, plant Chinese cabbage, leeks, onions, Swiss chard, and turnips.
** At a soil temperature of 15 degrees C, plant beets, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrots, and cauliflower.
 
PLANTING WARM SEASON VEGGIES
Warm-season vegetables, such as tomatoes, peppers, corn, and okra, developed in tropical climates. They grow edible fruits instead of edible roots, stems, leaves, or buds, as cool-season crops do. These tender Veggies are killed by cold weather and won't perform well if temperatures drop below 10 degrees C. Don't bother to plant before the soil and air temperatures have warmed up in Spring or early Summer because the seeds and plants simply won't grow. Wait until about two weeks after the average cold date for your region to plant warm-season crops.
Warm-season crops can be planted indoors 4 - 6 weeks before your last cold days, and then transplanted in Garden after it starts warming up. An early start inside gives them a jump on the growing season, but remember to slowly acclimate them to outdoor life by placing them in shade instead of full sun, and allowing them to adjust in short periods to outdoor temperatures. They call this hardening. These vegetables do best during the warmth of summer: artichokes, beans, corn, cucumbers, eggplant, melons, okra, peanuts, peppers, squash, sweet potatoes, tomatillos, and tomatoes.
 
MORE INFOS and the links I will send you when you write me on PM:
Be more successful with AGRO-ECONOMY COURSE
LEVEL 4: Reach 4 times more yields with irrigation and little machines.
We help you as consultant in AGRO ECONOMY. For 15% commission.
LEVEL 3:  FOOD FOREST COURSE, 150 lessons Agroforestry, Syntropic,
LEVEL 2:  PERMACULTURE COURSE 140 lessons THE STANDARD.
LEVEL 1:  ORGANIC FARMING COURSE, in fb
700 lessons the BASICS of Organic Farming. Join in on ..
https:// www.facebook.com/FAIREC-Atlas-Developement-SARL-654505228040366/
 
In progress all lessons with crops, herbs, and fruit in English and Swahili in my blog.
LEVEL 0:  Save daily 50 % water, energy, and fertilizer with us. See 70 lessons best
SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION for crops and trees. Use our best T-Tape.
See INDIAN best quality 2-Wheel Tractors and weeders in 420 and 600 mm width.
 
Find my lessons in the following hashtags:
#organicfarmer #organic #organicfarmingpractices #organicfarming #organicfarm #foodforest #syntropic #agroecology #syntropicfarming #agroeconomy #introductiontopermaculture #permacultureprinciples #creativethinking #permaculturehomesteading #regenerativefuture #Ubuntu #United4Land
 
KILIMO HAI CHALAANI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6 SPRING GARDEN 6.92 - MAELEZO YA MIPANGO
 
Maelezo haya ya upandaji yanaweza kukusaidia unapoweka Ratiba ya Upandaji wa Majira ya kuchipua. Wakati wa kupanda hutegemea Eneo lako la Kukua, lakini nimeorodhesha viwango vya joto na siku zilizopita.
 
KUPANDA MBOGA ZA MSIMU WA BARIDI
Mboga za msimu wa baridi hukua vyema zaidi halijoto inapofikia kati ya nyuzi joto 5 na nyuzi joto 25 C. Katika maeneo mengi, zinaweza kupandwa nje ya wiki 2 - 4 kabla ya tarehe yako ya mwisho ya baridi ya Majira ya kuchipua. Mboga hizi mara nyingi ni zile zinazokuza mizizi, mashina, majani, au buds, kama vile viazi, broccoli, cauliflower, radish, kabichi, avokado, vitunguu, beets, haradali, mbaazi, turnips, lettuce na mchicha.
Mboga za msimu wa baridi ni tofauti kwa kuwa mbegu zao huota vyema kwenye udongo baridi. Kwa kawaida hupandwa mara tu udongo unaweza kufanya kazi katika Spring. Epuka kupanda kwenye udongo wenye unyevunyevu ambao bado umejaa unyevu wa theluji au mvua za masika. Subiri hadi udongo ukauke na uweze kulimwa.
Mizizi ya mimea ya msimu wa baridi haina kina na mimea yenyewe ni ndogo kuliko mimea ya mboga ya msimu wa joto. Huacha kuzalisha mwanzoni mwa kiangazi wakati halijoto inapozidi nyuzi joto 30 C. Katika maeneo ambayo usiku hubakia kuwa baridi, unaweza kupanda mboga za msimu wa baridi kila baada ya wiki mbili kwa mavuno ya mfululizo ambayo huendelea hadi Anguko; pia huitwa kupanda mfululizo.
Katika maeneo yenye joto, panda mboga za msimu wa baridi mapema iwezekanavyo mwishoni mwa Majira ya baridi au mwanzo wa Spring, na panda mbegu au kupandikiza tena mwishoni mwa vuli ili kuvuna majira ya baridi.
Mboga chache zisizostahimili baridi, kama vile karoti, kale, parsnips na kitunguu saumu, zinaweza kudumu wakati wote wa msimu wa baridi katika baadhi ya maeneo.
Unaweza kununua kipimajoto cha udongo ili kukusaidia kujua wakati wa kupanda mboga za msimu wa baridi.
** Katika halijoto ya udongo ya nyuzijoto 5 C, panda arugula, maharagwe ya fava, kale, lettusi, parsnips, mbaazi, radicchio, figili na mchicha.
** Kwa joto la udongo la nyuzijoto 10 C, panda kabichi ya Kichina, vitunguu maji, vitunguu, chard ya Uswizi na turnips.
** Katika halijoto ya udongo ya nyuzijoto 15 C, panda beets, brokoli, chipukizi za Brussels, kabichi, karoti, na cauliflower.
 
KUPANDA MBOGA ZA MSIMU WA JOTO
Mboga za msimu wa joto, kama vile nyanya, pilipili, mahindi, na bamia, zilizokuzwa katika hali ya hewa ya tropiki. Wao hukuza matunda yanayoweza kuliwa badala ya mizizi, mashina, majani au vichipukizi vinavyoweza kuliwa, kama mazao ya msimu wa baridi hufanya. Mboga hizi laini huuawa na hali ya hewa ya baridi na hazitafanya kazi vizuri ikiwa halijoto itashuka chini ya nyuzi joto 10. Usijisumbue kupanda kabla ya joto la udongo na hewa kuwa joto katika Majira ya kuchipua au majira ya kiangazi mapema kwa sababu mbegu na mimea hazitaweza tu.' t kukua. Subiri hadi takriban wiki mbili baada ya wastani wa tarehe ya baridi ili eneo lako lipande mazao ya msimu wa joto.
Mazao ya msimu wa joto yanaweza kupandwa ndani ya nyumba wiki 4 - 6 kabla ya siku zako za mwisho za baridi, na kisha kupandwa kwenye Bustani baada ya kuanza kupata joto. Kuanza mapema ndani huwapa uchangamfu msimu wa ukuaji, lakini kumbuka kuzoea maisha ya nje polepole kwa kuwaweka kwenye kivuli badala ya jua kamili, na kuwaruhusu kuzoea halijoto ya nje katika muda mfupi. Wanaita ugumu huu. Mboga haya hufanya vyema wakati wa joto la majira ya joto: artikete, maharagwe, mahindi, matango, mbilingani, tikiti, okra, karanga, pilipili, boga, viazi vitamu, tomatillos na nyanya.