6 SWISS CHARD – 6.105 - PLANT FACTS and VARIETIES

 

 ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   

6 SWISS CHARD – 6.105 - PLANT FACTS and VARIETIES  

 
Swiss chard farming is quite a promising business in Kenya! It's known for its nutritional benefits and profitability
Here are some key points about Swiss chard farming in Kenya:
Popular Varieties:
The most common variety grown is the Ford Hook Giant, which is known for its high yield and pest tolerance. Other varieties include King of Denmark, New Zealand, Bloomsdale Long Standing, Giant Noble, and Early Hybrid No. 7
.
Every gardener should try growing Swiss chard at some point. Whether you’re a beginner or experienced, the plants will reward you with a bounty of healthy, leafy greens with relatively little fuss.
 
Swiss chard is similar to spinach, but has a more earthy flavour and comes in lots of bright colours to pretty up your vegetable patch. Like spinach, Swiss chard is rich in iron and other elements. It’s a great source of low-fat vitamin E, which we typically derive from fatty food.
 
Swiss chard grows well in gardens or pots and is a prolific leaf-growing vegetable that’s quick to prepare for eating. Bonus: it’s also easy to hide in your children’s dinner for a sneaky health boost.
 
Varieties of Swiss Chard
There are lots of varieties of Swiss chard out there, ranging in colour and size.
Green Lucullus
Green Lucullus is possibly the most common and well-known Swiss chard. Originally an Italian heirloom variety, it has dark green leaves and white, crisp stalks. This is a nice variety if you live in a hot area because it’s more heat tolerant than some other types.
Orange Fantasia
As the name suggests, a pretty orange variety. It holds its color even after being cooked. Both beautiful and tasty.
Neon Lights
This colourful variety looks lovely on a sunny day because the red, orange, pink, and yellow leaves seem to glow in the sunshine. The leaves are particularly tasty when they’re young.
Peppermint
Peppermint is another common variety you’ll often see in stores. It has distinctive red and white striped stalks. It’s disease resistant and slow to bolt.
Barese
Barese is a compact growing Swiss chard. A dwarf variety, it has large tender leaves with white stalks and matures earlier than other varieties.
Magenta Sunset
This variety of chard has a milder flavor and bright pink stalks. It tends to bolt if it’s exposed to cool temperatures early on.
Oriole
Oriole has gorgeous golden stems with dark green leaves. It was named after the Oriole bird and adds beautiful colour to the garden. It matures in 60 days and is heat and cold tolerant.
Fordhook Giant
This dark green chard has thick, tender leaves and is prolific even in the heat. It gets 16-inches tall and matures in 60 days.
Flamingo
As the name implies, this chard has lovely pink stems. It’s an heirloom variety that is slow to bolt.
 
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KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6 MCHICHA – 6.105 - UKWELI WA MIMEA na AINA MBALIMBALI
 
Kilimo cha chard cha Uswizi ni biashara yenye kuleta matumaini nchini Kenya! Inajulikana kwa faida zake za lishe na faida
Hapa kuna mambo muhimu kuhusu kilimo cha chard cha Uswizi nchini Kenya:
Aina maarufu:
Aina ya kawaida inayokuzwa ni Ford Hook Giant, ambayo inajulikana kwa mavuno mengi na uvumilivu wa wadudu. Aina zingine ni pamoja na King of Denmark, New Zealand, Bloomsdale Long Standing, Giant Noble, na Early Hybrid No. 73.
Kila mkulima anapaswa kujaribu kukuza chard ya Uswizi wakati fulani. Iwe wewe ni mwanzilishi au mzoefu, mimea itakuthawabisha kwa wingi wa mboga za majani zenye afya na zenye mzozo mdogo.
 
Chard ya Uswisi ni sawa na mchicha, lakini ina ladha ya udongo zaidi na huja katika rangi nyingi angavu ili kuboresha kiraka chako cha mboga. Kama mchicha, chard ya Uswizi ina madini mengi ya chuma na vitu vingine. Ni chanzo kikubwa cha vitamini E ya chini ya mafuta, ambayo sisi hupata kutoka kwa chakula cha mafuta.
 
Chard ya Uswisi hukua vizuri katika bustani au vyungu na ni mboga inayoota majani ambayo hutayarishwa kwa haraka kwa kuliwa. Bonasi: pia ni rahisi kujificha kwenye chakula cha jioni cha watoto wako kwa ajili ya kuimarisha afya kwa hila.
 
Aina za Swiss Chard
Kuna aina nyingi za chard ya Uswizi huko nje, kuanzia rangi na saizi.
Luculus ya kijani
Green Luculus labda ndiye chard ya Uswizi ya kawaida na inayojulikana sana. Asili ya aina ya urithi wa Kiitaliano, ina majani ya kijani kibichi na mabua meupe, mabichi. Hii ni aina nzuri ikiwa unaishi katika eneo la joto kwa sababu inastahimili joto zaidi kuliko aina zingine.
Orange Fantasia
Kama jina linavyopendekeza, aina nzuri ya machungwa. Inashikilia rangi yake hata baada ya kupikwa. Wote nzuri na kitamu.
Taa za Neon
Aina hii ya rangi huonekana kupendeza siku ya jua kwa sababu majani mekundu, chungwa, waridi na manjano yanaonekana kung’aa wakati wa jua. Majani ni ya kitamu haswa wakati wachanga.
Peppermint
Peppermint ni aina nyingine ya kawaida ambayo mara nyingi utaona katika maduka. Ina mabua ya rangi nyekundu na nyeupe tofauti. Ni sugu kwa magonjwa na hukawia polepole.
Wazi
Barese ni chard ya Uswizi inayokua kwa pamoja. Aina ya kibete, ina majani makubwa ya zabuni na mabua meupe na hukomaa mapema kuliko aina zingine.
Magenta Sunset
Aina hii ya chard ina ladha dhaifu na mabua ya waridi mkali. Huelekea kufunga ikiwa imefichuliwa na halijoto baridi mapema.
Oriole
Oriole ina shina nzuri za dhahabu na majani ya kijani kibichi. Iliitwa jina la ndege wa Oriole na inaongeza rangi nzuri kwenye bustani. Inakomaa kwa siku 60 na inastahimili joto na baridi.
Fordhook Giant
Chard hii ya kijani kibichi ina majani mazito, laini na hustawi hata kwenye joto. Inafikia urefu wa inchi 16 na hukomaa kwa siku 60.
Flamingo
Kama jina linamaanisha, chard hii ina mashina ya kupendeza ya waridi. Ni aina ya urithi ambayo ni polepole kufungwa.

6 SWISS CHARD – 6.106 - GROWING and SOIL

 
 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY         
6 SWISS CHARD – 6.106 - GROWING and SOIL

 
Costs: The cost of production includes expenses for seeds, water, fertilizers, and labor. On average, you might spend around KES 106,700 per Acre.
Growing Conditions: Swiss chard requires fertile soil and regular watering. It can be grown directly from seeds or started in a nursery bed before transplanting.
How to Grow Swiss Chard
Growing Zones
Swiss Chard grows well in zones 2-10. It’s a great cold weather plant that also tolerates sunny, warm weather.
Sun Requirements
Swiss Chard likes full sun but will tolerate partial shade. I find that if the weather is cooler, full sun is best.
Soil Requirements
Swiss Chard likes fertile, well-composted soil that has good drainage. If your soil is particularly poor, apply a well-balanced fertilizer a week before planting. Chard prefers pH between 6.0-6.5.
When to Plant
Plant your seeds about 2-3 weeks before the last frost date. Continue to plant a handful of seeds every 10 days or so for the first month to ensure you have a continuous supply. You can also plant a crop in the fall 40 days before the first frost date.
Container Planting
Swiss chard grows well in containers, and the benefit is you can place the pot near your kitchen for a quick harvest. Use a good quality container soil mix and slow-release fertilizer specifically for potted plants.
 
Germinating Seeds
You can sow the seeds into the garden or individual pots. Plant seeds in the garden about a half inch deep.
Spacing
Plant rows about 18 inches apart because if all goes well, your Swiss chard will grow big and you’ll need plenty of airflow to help keep disease at bay.
 
Caring for Swiss Chard
 
Fertilizer
Give Swiss chard a side-dressing of well-rotted compost or manure mid-season. You don’t want to apply too much fertilizer to these plants. With Swiss chard, bigger is not always better because some varieties will lose flavour if the leaves get too big. You want to go for deep, bright colour and good condition rather than size.
 
 
Water
Consistent watering is key for Swiss chard. When the weather is hot it will appreciate a good soak, at least 1-2 inches per week. Water the soil around the base of the plant, not the leaves to avoid scorching in the hot sun and you don’t want to encourage disease.
Mulching
Give plants a layer of mulch to help conserve water, particularly in hot areas.
 
Common Problems and Solutions for Growing Swiss Chard
Like most leafy greens, insects love Swiss chard. It can also be susceptible to various diseases and problems. Good soil and garden maintenance will prevent a lot of issues.

planting requirements
1. When planting Swiss chard, choose a location that will receive partial to full sun exposure and plant once the soil is at least 40 degrees Fahrenheit. It's not necessary to add fertilizer at this point, but you can incorporate about 2 inches of organic matter into the planting area if you prefer. You can grow Swiss chard from seed or as transplants. Plant the seeds about 1 inch deep and about 2 to 6 inches apart. For transplants, space them 6 to 12 inches apart. Once the seeds become seedlings, thin them out to 6 to 12 inches apart. Apply a 1 or 2 inch layer of mulch around the base of the plants to retain soil moisture.
irrigation requirements
1. Swiss chard likes a lot of moisture, but the soil should not be damp, as this can lead to rot and fungal diseases. Water the plants regularly, keeping the soil moist at a depth of 1 inch. Reduce watering in wet weather and increase in hot, dry periods.

 
 
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6 MCHICHA - 6.107 - KUKUA na UDONGO
 
Gharama: Gharama ya uzalishaji inajumuisha gharama za mbegu, maji, mbolea na vibarua. Kwa wastani, unaweza kutumia karibu KES 106,700 kwa Ekari.
Masharti ya Kukua: Chard ya Uswisi inahitaji udongo wenye rutuba na kumwagilia mara kwa mara. Inaweza kukuzwa moja kwa moja kutoka kwa mbegu au kuanza kwenye kitalu kabla ya kupandikiza3.
Jinsi ya Kukua Swiss Chard
Kanda zinazokua
Swiss Chard hukua vizuri katika kanda 2-10. Ni mmea mzuri wa hali ya hewa ya baridi ambayo pia huvumilia hali ya hewa ya jua, ya joto.
Mahitaji ya jua
Swiss Chard anapenda jua lakini atastahimili kivuli kidogo. Ninaona kuwa ikiwa hali ya hewa ni baridi, jua kamili ni bora zaidi.
Mahitaji ya udongo
Swiss Chard anapenda udongo wenye rutuba, wenye mboji vizuri ambao una mifereji ya maji. Ikiwa udongo wako ni duni, weka mbolea iliyosawazishwa vizuri wiki moja kabla ya kupanda. Chard anapenda pH kati ya 6.0-6.5.
Wakati wa Kupanda
Panda mbegu zako takriban wiki 2-3 kabla ya tarehe ya mwisho ya baridi. Endelea kupanda mbegu chache kila baada ya siku 10 au zaidi kwa mwezi wa kwanza ili kuhakikisha kuwa una ugavi endelevu. Unaweza pia kupanda mazao katika vuli siku 40 kabla ya tarehe ya kwanza ya baridi.
Upandaji wa Vyombo
Chard ya Uswisi hukua vizuri kwenye vyombo, na faida ni unaweza kuweka sufuria karibu na jikoni yako kwa mavuno ya haraka. Tumia mchanganyiko wa udongo wa chombo chenye ubora mzuri na mbolea inayotolewa polepole mahususi kwa mimea ya vyungu.
 
Kuota Mbegu
Unaweza kupanda mbegu kwenye bustani au sufuria za kibinafsi. Panda mbegu kwenye bustani kwa kina cha inchi nusu.
Nafasi
Panda safu mlalo kwa umbali wa inchi 18 kwa sababu kila kitu kikiendelea vizuri, chard yako ya Uswisi itakua kubwa na utahitaji mtiririko wa hewa mwingi ili kusaidia kuzuia magonjwa.
 
Kutunza Swiss Chard
 
Mbolea
Mpe Swiss chard sehemu ya kando ya mboji iliyooza vizuri au samadi katikati ya msimu. Hutaki kutumia mbolea nyingi kwa mimea hii. Kwa chard ya Uswisi, kubwa sio bora kila wakati kwa sababu aina zingine zitapoteza ladha ikiwa majani yatakuwa makubwa sana. Unataka kwenda kwa kina, rangi mkali na hali nzuri badala ya ukubwa.
 
 
Maji
Kumwagilia mara kwa mara ni muhimu kwa chard ya Uswisi. Wakati hali ya hewa ni moto itathamini loweka nzuri, angalau inchi 1-2 kwa wiki. Mwagilia udongo karibu na msingi wa mmea, sio majani ili kuepuka kuwaka kwenye jua kali na hutaki kuhimiza magonjwa.
Kutandaza
Ipe mimea safu ya matandazo ili kusaidia kuhifadhi maji, haswa katika maeneo yenye joto.
 
Matatizo ya Kawaida na Suluhisho za Kukua Swiss Chard
Kama mboga nyingi za majani, wadudu hupenda chard ya Uswisi. Inaweza pia kuathiriwa na magonjwa na matatizo mbalimbali. Utunzaji mzuri wa udongo na bustani utazuia maswala mengi.

6 SWISS CHARD – 6.107 - HARVESTING and KITCHEN

 

 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
6 SWISS CHARD – 6.107 - HARVESTING and KITCHEN  

 
Harvesting:
Older leaves are usually harvested first when the plant has about eight leaves. Proper management of pests and diseases is crucial for a good harvest.
Profitability:
Swiss chard farming can be quite profitable. For example, with proper care, you can expect a yield of 10-30 tons per acre. Selling at around KES 14 per kilogram, you could generate significant revenue.
 
Companion Plants for Swiss Chard
Try growing Swiss chard with:
 
Tomatoes; Cabbage; Broccoli; Radish; Lettuce; Celery; Onion; Garlic; Leek ; Chives
Bean; Peas.
 
Don’t plant Swiss chard with:
 
Cucumber, Corn, Melon, Potato
 
How to Harvest and Use Swiss Chard
Use a sharp knife and cut the large, outer leaves at the bottom of the stalk about an inch off the ground. Don’t be tempted to rip or snap the stalk as this can damage the plant and allow disease into it. Plants are ready 40-60 days after planting when they’re 6-8 inches tall.
 
One of the great things about chard is you can pick the large leaves as you need them and allow the smaller ones to grow. A few healthy plants should last your family for the season, especially if you stagger your planting.
 
Swiss chard is versatile and tasty. Sautee it in a little butter and freshly ground nutmeg, add it to stews at any point in the cooking or eat it fresh, thinly sliced in salads. Add it to pasta dishes and use it in place of spinach.
 
I put it in the blender with meat to make burgers and the kids have no idea it’s in there.
 
Have any tips for how to prepare this nutritious vegetable? Share them in the comments.
 
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In progress all lessons with crops, herbs, and fruit in English and Swahili in my blog.
LEVEL 0:  Save daily 50 % water, energy, and fertilizer with us. See 70 lessons best
SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION for crops and trees. Use our best T-Tape.
See INDIAN best quality 2-Wheel Tractors and weeders in 420 and 600 mm width.
 
Find my lessons in the following hashtags:
#organicfarmer #organic #organicfarmingpractices #organicfarming #organicfarm #foodforest #syntropic #agroecology #syntropicfarming #agroeconomy #introductiontopermaculture #permacultureprinciples #creativethinking #permaculturehomesteading #regenerativefuture #Ubuntu #United4Land
 
 
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6 SWISS CHADI – 6.107 - KUVUNA na JIKO
 
Kuvuna:
Majani ya zamani kwa kawaida huvunwa kwanza wakati mmea una majani takriban nane. Udhibiti sahihi wa wadudu na magonjwa ni muhimu kwa mavuno mazuri3.
Faida:
Kilimo cha chard cha Uswizi kinaweza kuwa na faida kubwa. Kwa mfano, kwa uangalifu mzuri, unaweza kutarajia mavuno ya tani 10-30 kwa ekari. Kwa kuuza karibu KES 14 kwa kila kilo, unaweza kupata mapato makubwa.
 
Mimea Mwenza kwa Swiss Chard
Jaribu kukuza chard ya Uswizi kwa:
 
Nyanya; Kabichi; Brokoli; Figili; lettuce; Celery; Kitunguu; Kitunguu saumu; Liki; Vitunguu vya vitunguu
Maharage; Mbaazi.
 
Usipande chard ya Uswisi na:
 
Tango, Mahindi, Tikiti, Viazi
 
Jinsi ya Kuvuna na Kutumia Swiss Chard
Tumia kisu kikali na ukate majani makubwa, ya nje chini ya bua kwa karibu inchi moja kutoka ardhini. Usijaribiwe kung'oa au kunyakua bua kwani hii inaweza kuharibu mmea na kuruhusu ugonjwa kuingia ndani yake. Mimea huwa tayari siku 40-60 baada ya kupanda ikiwa na urefu wa inchi 6-8.
 
Mojawapo ya mambo mazuri kuhusu chard ni kwamba unaweza kuchukua majani makubwa kama unavyohitaji na kuruhusu yale madogo kukua. Mimea michache yenye afya inapaswa kudumu familia yako kwa msimu, hasa ikiwa unasumbua upandaji wako.
 
Chard ya Uswizi ni ya aina nyingi na ya kitamu. Pika katika siagi kidogo na nutmeg iliyosagwa, uiongeze kwenye kitoweo wakati wowote wa kupikia au uile safi, iliyokatwa nyembamba kwenye saladi. Ongeza kwenye sahani za pasta na uitumie badala ya mchicha.
 
Ninaiweka kwenye blender na nyama ili kutengeneza burgers na watoto hawajui kuwa iko huko.
 
Je! una vidokezo vya jinsi ya kuandaa mboga hii yenye lishe? Shiriki nao kwenye maoni.

6 SWISS CHARD – 6.108 - TROUBLES

 

 
ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY   
6 SWISS CHARD – 6.108 - TROUBLES   

 
Aphids
It seems like aphids attack just about every plant out there. The tiny pests suck the life out of your growing Swiss chard plants. Spray them off of your plants with a strong blast of water and then apply neem oil to keep them from returning.
 
Cutworms
Cutworms are the caterpillars of a variety of night-flying moths. They nibble through the base of plant stems. They can kill an entire row of growing Swiss chard plants in one night.
 
 
Stop them by putting cardboard collars around your chard plants, keeping your garden weeded to keep them from having a place to hide, and hand-pick the caterpillars at night.
 
Wireworms
Wireworms are the larvae of the click beetle. They live underground and nibble on the roots of plants. They’re difficult to kill. Use repeated applications of pyrethrin-based sprays to control them and introduce beneficial insects into your garden. You can also place traps in your soil.
 
Nematodes
Nematodes are microscopic roundworms that cause galls on the roots of chard. They can cause loss of vigor and reduced growth in plants. Purchase certified nematode-free plants and sanitize your tools between use. Also be sure to rotate your crops, meaning you shouldn’t plant brassicas in the same place for several years in a row. If you get them, solarize your soil to kill them off.
 
Snails and Slugs
 
Regardless of the variety of slug and snail in your area, they’ll love your Swiss chard. They reproduce rapidly and will devour your lovely greens.
 
I find the best way to get rid of them is two-fold. Use a child and pet-friendly snail pellet. There are some available that are waterproof, so you don’t have to replace them as often.
Second, go out at night and hand-pick them off plants. Either squash them or do what I do and feed them to your chickens. If you’re going to do this, don’t poison the snails with pellets.
 
Leaf Miner
 
The damage caused by leaf miners shows up as tracks through your leafy greens. The larvae of this small fly burrow into the interior of the leaf. It’s unsightly, and no one wants to eat Swiss chard that looks like this.
 
 
I’ve found this to be my number one issue with chard. Use either a general pesticide or my preference, regular spraying of neem oil.
 
Flea Beetle
These little insects will leave holes in the leaves, often called shot holes. The flea beetle is usually too small to do much damage, but they can spread diseases between plants.
 
I prefer to use neem oil over insecticide for flea beetles, but you need to apply the neem oil early in the season to do much good.
 
Circospora Leafspot
This is a fungal disease that affects most plants and forms unsightly spots on the leafy part of the Swiss chard. I’ve seen it get so bad to the point where the leaf appears to have a grey mould on the surface. Yield from the plant and quality are both affected. Eventually, the plant infects those around it.
 
There are several fungicides available for controlling leafspot, but I usually remove the whole plant and throw in the garbage, not the compost heap. Practice good soil hygiene and remove any debris and dead vegetation from your garden.
 
Downy Mildew
Humidity and excessive moisture are the most common cause of this disease. Avoid watering the leaves and ensure you have plenty of space between the plants. Pick leaves regularly to thin out the individual plants.
 
If you see the telltale sign of a grey powdery mark forming on the leaves, remove the affected parts and throw in the garbage. Then spray plants with a fungicide spray that contains copper.
 
Bacterial Soft Rot
Bacterial soft rot is one of the most devastating diseases out there for commercial growers. Once you have it, you can’t cure it, and it can destroy your plants.
 
Controlling water is your best option. Don’t overwater plants, apply water to the roots, keep plenty of space between plants, and water in the morning so plants can dry by the evening.
 
Sterilize tools between use, keep your garden beds free of weeds and toss any infected plants that you find.
 
 
Curly Tops
Curly tops is a virus spread by leafhoppers. Your best bet to avoiding this disease is to control pests using neem oil or pesticides.
 
Mosaic Virus
Mosaic virus shows up as spots on plants, wrinkled leaves, yellowing veins, and stunted growth. Treat plants with neem oil, keep garden beds weeded, sterilize tools between use, and destroy any infected plants.
 
 
Text from The Vegetable & Herb Expert D.D.G. Hessayon
MORE INFOS and the links I will send you when you write me on PM:
Be more successful with AGRO-ECONOMY COURSE
LEVEL 4: Reach 4 times more yields with irrigation and little machines.
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LEVEL 3:  FOOD FOREST COURSE, 150 lessons Agroforestry, Syntropic,
LEVEL 2:  PERMACULTURE COURSE 140 lessons THE STANDARD.
LEVEL 1:  ORGANIC FARMING COURSE, in fb
700 lessons the BASICS of Organic Farming. Join in on ..
https:// www.facebook.com/FAIREC-Atlas-Developement-SARL-654505228040366/
 
In progress all lessons with crops, herbs, and fruit in English and Swahili in my blog.
LEVEL 0:  Save daily 50 % water, energy, and fertilizer with us. See 70 lessons best
SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION for crops and trees. Use our best T-Tape.
See INDIAN best quality 2-Wheel Tractors and weeders in 420 and 600 mm width.
 
Find my lessons in the following hashtags:
#organicfarmer #organic #organicfarmingpractices #organicfarming #organicfarm #foodforest #syntropic #agroecology #syntropicfarming #agroeconomy #introductiontopermaculture #permacultureprinciples #creativethinking #permaculturehomesteading #regenerativefuture #Ubuntu #United4Land
 
KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI
6 SWISS CHARDS - 6.108 - SHIDA
 
Vidukari
Inaonekana kama aphids hushambulia karibu kila mmea huko nje. Wadudu wadogo hufyonza maisha ya mimea yako inayokua ya chard ya Uswizi. Nyunyiza mimea yako kwa mlipuko mkali wa maji kisha upake mafuta ya mwarobaini ili isirudi tena.
 
Minyoo
Cutworms ni viwavi wa aina mbalimbali za nondo wanaoruka usiku. Wanatafuna chini ya shina la mmea. Wanaweza kuua safu nzima ya kupanda mimea ya chard ya Uswizi kwa usiku mmoja.
 
 
Wazuie kwa kuweka mikunjo ya kadibodi kuzunguka mimea yako ya chard, kuweka bustani yako palizi ili kuwazuia kuwa na mahali pa kujificha, na wachukue viwavi kwa mkono usiku.
 
Wireworms
Wireworms ni mabuu ya beetle click. Wanaishi chini ya ardhi na kunyonya mizizi ya mimea. Wao ni vigumu kuua. Tumia matumizi ya mara kwa mara ya dawa za kunyunyuzia zenye pyrethrin ili kuzidhibiti na kuanzisha wadudu wenye manufaa kwenye bustani yako. Unaweza pia kuweka mitego kwenye udongo wako.
 
Nematodes
Nematodi ni minyoo wadogo wadogo ambao husababisha nyongo kwenye mizizi ya chard. Wanaweza kusababisha kupoteza nguvu na kupunguza ukuaji wa mimea. Nunua mimea iliyoidhinishwa isiyo na nematode na usafishe zana zako kati ya matumizi. Pia hakikisha kuwa umezungusha mazao yako, kumaanisha kwamba hupaswi kupanda brassicas mahali pamoja kwa miaka kadhaa mfululizo. Ukizipata, weka udongo wako kwa jua ili kuwaua.
 
Konokono na Slugs
 
Bila kujali aina mbalimbali za koa na konokono katika eneo lako, watapenda chard yako ya Uswizi. Wanazaa haraka na watakula mboga zako za kupendeza.
 
Ninaona njia bora ya kuwaondoa ni mara mbili. Tumia pellet ya konokono inayopendeza kwa mtoto na pet. Kuna zingine zinazopatikana ambazo hazina maji, kwa hivyo sio lazima kuzibadilisha mara nyingi.
Pili, nenda nje usiku na uchukue kwa mikono kutoka kwa mimea. Ama uwapige au fanya ninachofanya na uwalishe kuku wako. Ikiwa utafanya hivyo, usiwe na sumu ya konokono na pellets.
 
Mchimbaji wa majani
 
Uharibifu unaosababishwa na wachimbaji wa majani huonekana kama nyimbo kupitia mboga zako za majani. Mabuu ya nzi huyu mdogo huchimba ndani ya jani. Haipendezi, na hakuna mtu anayetaka kula chard ya Uswizi inayoonekana kama hii.
 
 
Nimeona hili kuwa suala langu la kwanza na chard. Tumia dawa ya kuulia wadudu au upendeleo wangu, kunyunyizia mafuta ya mwarobaini mara kwa mara.
 
Flea Beetle
Wadudu hawa wadogo wataacha mashimo kwenye majani, mara nyingi huitwa mashimo ya risasi. Mende kwa kawaida ni mdogo sana kufanya uharibifu mkubwa, lakini wanaweza kueneza magonjwa kati ya mimea.
 
Napendelea kutumia mafuta ya mwarobaini kuliko dawa ya kuua wadudu, lakini unahitaji kupaka mafuta ya mwarobaini mapema msimu huu ili kufanya mengi mazuri.
 
Circospora Leafspot
Huu ni ugonjwa wa fangasi ambao huathiri mimea mingi na kutengeneza madoa yasiyopendeza kwenye sehemu ya majani ya chard ya Uswisi. Nimeiona ikizidi kuwa mbaya hadi pale jani linaonekana kuwa na ukungu wa kijivu juu ya uso. Mavuno kutoka kwa mmea na ubora wote huathiriwa. Hatimaye, mmea huambukiza wale walio karibu nayo.
 
Kuna dawa nyingi za kuua ukungu zinazopatikana kwa ajili ya kudhibiti sehemu ya majani, lakini mimi huondoa mmea mzima na kutupa kwenye takataka, sio lundo la mboji. Zingatia usafi wa udongo na uondoe uchafu wowote na mimea iliyokufa kwenye bustani yako.
 
Ugonjwa wa Downy
Unyevu na unyevu kupita kiasi ndio sababu ya kawaida ya ugonjwa huu. Epuka kumwagilia majani na hakikisha kuwa kuna nafasi nyingi kati ya mimea. Chukua majani mara kwa mara ili kupunguza mmea mmoja mmoja.
 
Ukiona ishara ya alama ya unga ya kijivu ikitokea kwenye majani, ondoa sehemu zilizoathirika na utupe kwenye takataka. Kisha nyunyiza mimea na dawa ya kuua uyoga ambayo ina shaba.
 
Kuoza kwa Bakteria Laini
Uozo laini wa bakteria ni moja ya magonjwa hatari zaidi kwa wakulima wa biashara. Mara tu unapoipata, huwezi kuiponya, na inaweza kuharibu mimea yako.
 
Kudhibiti maji ni chaguo lako bora. Usimwagilie mimea kupita kiasi, weka maji kwenye mizizi, weka nafasi nyingi kati ya mimea, na maji asubuhi ili mimea iweze kukauka jioni.
 
Safisha zana kati ya matumizi, weka vitanda vyako vya bustani bila magugu na tupa mimea yoyote iliyoambukizwa ambayo utapata.
 
 
Vilele vya Curly
Curly tops ni virusi vinavyoenezwa na leafhoppers. Dau lako bora la kuepuka ugonjwa huu ni kudhibiti wadudu kwa kutumia mafuta ya mwarobaini au dawa za kuua wadudu.
 
Virusi vya Musa
Virusi vya Musa huonekana kama madoa kwenye mimea, majani yaliyokunjamana, mishipa ya manjano, na ukuaji kudumaa. Tibu mimea kwa mafuta ya mwarobaini, weka vitanda vya bustani vilivyopaliliwa, safisha zana kati ya matumizi, na uharibu mimea yoyote iliyoambukizwa.