ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

7 0 COMPOST – 7.1 - NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

 

Soil is a living system and soil fertility is the key to agricultural productivity. The maintenance of the fertility of the soil is the primary step in any agricultural system. The plethora of microorganism inherent in any soil system ensures that nutrient cycle is in place and the large substrate is broken down to minute particles that can be easy assimilated by the plant’s root system. Therefore, farmers should maintain the inherent soil fertility by replacing the nutrients removed by the crops or livestock grazing by using green manures, animal manures (raw or composted) and other natural fertilizers.

The input and output of plant nutrients must be monitored through a soil testing program, to ensure that nutrient depletion does not take place. Soils deficient in nutrient cannot support either crop production or active populations of beneficial microorganisms, which are essential for a productive soil.

 

TEXT in the picture:

·         A loose and soft soil structure with a lot of cavities

·         Visible parts of organic matter act like tiny sponges.

·         Many beneficial soil organisms such as earth worms are feeding on organic material.

·         Soil organic matter provides a suitable environment for soil organism

·         Non-visible parts of organic matter act like a clue, sticking soil particles together.

·         Good aeration and good infiltration of rain and irrigation water.

 

 

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

7 0 MBOLEA – 7.1 - USIMAMIZI WA VIRUTUBISHO KATIKA KILIMO HAI

 

Udongo ni mfumo wa maisha na rutuba ya udongo ni ufunguo wa uzalishaji wa kilimo. Utunzaji wa rutuba ya udongo ni hatua ya msingi katika mfumo wowote wa kilimo. Wingi wa vijidudu vilivyo katika mfumo wowote wa udongo huhakikisha kwamba mzunguko wa virutubisho upo na sehemu ndogo imevunjwa hadi chembe ndogo ambazo zinaweza kunyambulishwa kwa urahisi na mfumo wa mizizi ya mmea. Kwa hivyo, wakulima wanapaswa kudumisha rutuba ya asili ya udongo kwa kubadilisha virutubisho vinavyoondolewa na mazao au malisho ya mifugo kwa kutumia mbolea ya kijani, mbolea za wanyama (mbichi au mboji) na mbolea nyingine za asili.

Pembejeo na pato la virutubisho vya mimea lazima lifuatiliwe kupitia programu ya kupima udongo, ili kuhakikisha kwamba upungufu wa virutubisho haufanyiki. Udongo wenye upungufu wa virutubishi hauwezi kusaidia uzalishaji wa mazao au idadi hai ya vijidudu vyenye faida, ambavyo ni muhimu kwa udongo wenye tija.

 

TEXT kwenye picha:

• Muundo wa udongo uliolegea na laini wenye mashimo mengi

• Sehemu zinazoonekana za vitu vya kikaboni hutenda kama sifongo vidogo.

• Viumbe wengi wa udongo wenye manufaa kama vile minyoo ya ardhini wanakula nyenzo za kikaboni.

• Mabaki ya viumbe hai kwenye udongo hutoa mazingira ya kufaa kwa viumbe vya udongo

• Sehemu zisizoonekana za viumbe hai hufanya kama kidokezo, kuunganisha chembe za udongo pamoja.

• Uingizaji hewa mzuri na upenyezaji mzuri wa mvua na maji ya umwagiliaji.

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   ATLAS DEVELOPMENT S.A.R.L 

Ronald Hauck CEO (Don Ronaldo) 

KENYA KISUMU MILIMANI WhatsApp +254 769 396 680

don.ronaldo@gmx.de

Consultant for business, organic farming, and general buildings.