7 0 COMPOST – 7.14 - COMPOSTING PILE METHOD (high rainfall)

 ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

7 0 COMPOST – 7.14 - COMPOSTING PILE METHOD (high rainfall)

This method is suitable for areas with high rainfall

1. Select a location

close to where you want to use the compost. The place should be sheltered from the wind, rain, sun and runoff. A compost pile must not get either very dry or very wet.

2. Measure a rectangle 120 cm

(4 feet) wide and 150 cm (5 feet) or longer. The length depends on how much composting material you have. Do not make the rectangle wider than 120 cm, as you have to be able to work on the compost without stepping on it. In rainy places, it is best to make the compost pile above the ground. In drier areas, use the pit method described later in this section.

 

3. Dig a shallow pit

about 30 cm (1 foot) deep. Put the soil on one side, you will need it later.

4. Begin building a compost

pile by putting a bottom layer of rough materials such as maize stalks and hedge cuttings in the pit. This layer should be about 30 cm thick. Chop up any materials which are too long to improve the air circulation in the pile. Sprinkle some water on this layer.

5. Add a second layer of dry vegetation,

hedge cuttings or grass. This layer should be about 15 cm thick (6 inches). Sprinkle water on this layer too. You should sprinkle water on each layer as you add it. The pile should be moist throughout.

6. Put on a third layer of animal manure.

The manure contains micro-organisms which are vital for decomposition.

7. Sprinkle some ash or dust

on this layer. The ashes contain valuable mineral including potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. The ashes also neutralise the acids produced during decomposition, especially by the animal manure.

8. The next layer should be green leaves

from high-protein leguminous trees like Calliandra, Leucaena and Sesbania. You can also use hedge cuttings of plants like Tithonia.

9. Sprinkle on a little topsoil or old compost.

The topsoil contains bacteria which are useful in the decomposition process.

Composting pile method

(c) Reproduced from Sustainable Agricole Extension Manual (IIRR)

0. Add more layers in turn, starting with dry vegetative materials, then animal manure or biogas slurry, followed by wood ash, green vegetation and topsoil. Remember to sprinkle water on every layer. Build the pile up to 1.5 m (5 feet) high. A well-made pile has almost vertical sides and a flat top.

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

7 0 MBOJI – 7.14 - NJIA YA RUNDI LA MBOLEZI (mvua nyingi)

Njia hii inafaa kwa maeneo yenye mvua nyingi

1. Chagua eneo

karibu na mahali unapotaka kutumia mboji. Mahali panapaswa kulindwa kutokana na upepo, mvua, jua na mtiririko wa maji. Rundo la mboji lazima lisiwe kavu sana au mvua sana.

2. Pima mstatili 120 cm

(futi 4) upana na sentimita 150 (futi 5) au zaidi. Urefu unategemea ni kiasi gani cha mboji unayo. Usifanye mstatili upana zaidi ya cm 120, kwani unapaswa kuwa na uwezo wa kufanya kazi kwenye mbolea bila kukanyaga. Katika maeneo ya mvua, ni bora kufanya rundo la mbolea juu ya ardhi. Katika maeneo yenye ukame zaidi, tumia njia ya shimo iliyoelezwa baadaye katika sehemu hii.

3. Chimba shimo la kina kifupi

karibu sentimita 30 (futi 1) kwa kina. Weka udongo upande mmoja, utahitaji baadaye.

4. Anza kujenga mboji

kurundika kwa kuweka safu ya chini ya nyenzo chafu kama vile mabua ya mahindi na vipandikizi vya ua kwenye shimo. Safu hii inapaswa kuwa karibu 30 cm nene. Kata vifaa vyovyote ambavyo ni virefu sana ili kuboresha mzunguko wa hewa kwenye rundo. Nyunyiza maji kidogo kwenye safu hii.

5. Ongeza safu ya pili ya mimea kavu,

vipandikizi vya ua au nyasi. Safu hii inapaswa kuwa na unene wa cm 15 (inchi 6). Nyunyiza maji kwenye safu hii pia. Unapaswa kunyunyiza maji kwenye kila safu unapoiongeza. Rundo linapaswa kuwa na unyevu kote.

6. Weka safu ya tatu ya samadi ya wanyama.

Mbolea ina viumbe vidogo ambavyo ni muhimu kwa kuoza.

7. Nyunyiza majivu au vumbi

kwenye safu hii. Majivu yana madini ya thamani kama vile potasiamu, fosforasi, kalsiamu na magnesiamu. Majivu pia hupunguza asidi zinazozalishwa wakati wa kuoza, haswa na samadi ya wanyama.

8. Safu inayofuata inapaswa kuwa majani ya kijani

kutoka kwa miti mikunde yenye protini nyingi kama vile Calliandra, Leucaena na Sesbania. Unaweza pia kutumia vipandikizi vya ua wa mimea kama Tithonia.

9. Nyunyiza udongo wa juu kidogo au mboji ya zamani.

Udongo wa juu una bakteria ambao ni muhimu katika mchakato wa kuoza.

Mbinu ya rundo la mbolea

(c) Imetolewa tena kutoka kwa Mwongozo wa Ugani Endelevu wa Agricole (IIRR)

10. Ongeza tabaka zaidi kwa zamu, kuanzia na mimea kavu, kisha samadi ya wanyama au tope la gesi asilia, ikifuatiwa na majivu ya kuni, mimea ya kijani na udongo wa juu. Kumbuka kunyunyiza maji kwenye kila safu. Jenga rundo hadi urefu wa mita 1.5 (futi 5). Rundo lililofanywa vizuri lina pande karibu za wima na juu ya gorofa.

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