7 0 COMPOST – 7.10 - STEPS FOR USING GREEN MANURES.

ORGANIC FARMING COURSE AGRO-ECONOMY

7 0 COMPOST – 7.10 - STEPS FOR USING GREEN MANURES.

 

HOW TO USE GREEN MANURES

     a) Sowing the green manure

•     If grown within a crop rotation, the time of sowing must be chosen such that the green manure can be cut down and worked into the soil before the next crop is sown.

•     Green manures need water for germination and growth.

•     The ideal seed density must be tested for each individual situation. It depends on the species chosen.

•     In general, no additional fertilization is necessary. If legumes are grown in a field for the first time, inoculation of the seeds with the specific rhizobia may be necessary to profit from nitrogen fixation of the legume.

b) Working the green manure into the soil

 

•     Timing: The time gap between digging in the green manure and planting the next crop should not be longer than 2 to 3 weeks, to prevent nutrient losses from the decomposing green manure.

•     Crushing: Green manures are worked in most easily when the plants are still young and fresh. If the green manure plants are tall or contain bulky and hard plant parts, it is preferable to chop the plants into pieces to allow easier decomposition. The older the plants, the longer decomposition will take. The best time to dig in green manure plants is just before flowering.

•     Depth of incorporation: Green manures should not be ploughed deeply into the soil. Instead they should only be worked into the surface soil (in heavy soils only 5 to 15 cm deep, in light soils 10 to maximum 20 cm deep). In warm and humid climates, the material can also be left on the soil surface as a mulch layer.

TEXT in the picture:

·         1. Saw the green manure.

·         Timing? Which species to grow?

·         Avoid competition to the main crops

·         Ensure good growing conditions

·         2. Wait until maximum biomass is developed

·         Cut before flowering

·         3. Cut and incorporate the plant material in the soil.

·         Crush the material into pieces.

·         Incorporate it superficially.

·         4. Saw or plant a crop with a high nutrient demand

·         Saw or plant the next crop two weeks to avoid nutrient losses.

 

 

KOZI YA KILIMO HAI KILIMO-UCHUMI

7 0 MBOLEA – 7.10 - HATUA ZA KUTUMIA MBOLEA ZA KIJANI.

 

JINSI YA KUTUMIA MBOLE ZA KIJANI

a) Kupanda mbolea ya kijani

• Ikipandwa katika mzunguko wa mazao, wakati wa kupanda lazima uchaguliwe ili mbolea ya kijani iweze kukatwa na kutiwa udongoni kabla ya zao linalofuata kupandwa.

• Mbolea za kijani zinahitaji maji kwa ajili ya kuota na kukua.

• Msongamano bora wa mbegu lazima ujaribiwe kwa kila hali ya mtu binafsi. Inategemea aina zilizochaguliwa.

• Kwa ujumla, hakuna mbolea ya ziada inahitajika. Iwapo kunde hupandwa shambani kwa mara ya kwanza, kuchanjwa kwa mbegu na rhizobia maalum kunaweza kuhitajika ili kufaidika na uwekaji wa nitrojeni kwenye mikunde.

b) Kuweka mbolea ya kijani kwenye udongo

 

• Muda: Pengo la muda kati ya kuchimba kwenye mbolea ya kijani na kupanda zao linalofuata lisizidi wiki 2 hadi 3 ili kuzuia upotevu wa virutubisho kutokana na mbolea ya kijani kibichi kuoza.

• Kusagwa: Mbolea za kijani hutumiwa kwa urahisi wakati mimea ingali michanga na mbichi. Ikiwa mimea ya samadi ya kijani ni mirefu au ina sehemu kubwa na ngumu za mimea, ni vyema kukata mimea vipande vipande ili kuruhusu kuoza kwa urahisi. Mimea ya zamani, mtengano wa muda mrefu utachukua. Wakati mzuri wa kuchimba kwenye mimea ya mbolea ya kijani ni kabla ya maua.

• Kina cha ujumuishaji: Mbolea za kijani zisipamwe kwa kina kwenye udongo. Badala yake zinapaswa kufanyiwa kazi kwenye udongo wa juu (katika udongo mzito tu wa sentimita 5 hadi 15 tu, kwenye udongo mwepesi wa 10 hadi 20 cm juu). Katika hali ya hewa ya joto na unyevunyevu, nyenzo pia zinaweza kuachwa kwenye uso wa udongo kama safu ya matandazo.

TEXT kwenye picha:

• 1. Aliona mbolea ya kijani.

• Muda? Ni aina gani za kukua?

• Epuka ushindani wa mazao makuu

• Hakikisha hali nzuri ya kukua

• 2. Subiri hadi kiwango cha juu cha majani kitengenezwe

• Kata kabla ya kutoa maua

• 3. Kata na ujumuishe nyenzo za mmea kwenye udongo.

• Ponda nyenzo vipande vipande.

• Ijumuishe kijuujuu.

• 4. Soma au panda mazao yenye mahitaji makubwa ya virutubishi

• Sama au panda mazao kwa wiki mbili ili kuepuka upotevu wa virutubisho.

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